Richard II (play) facts for kids

This is the title page from the very first printed version of Richard II.

Richard II is an exciting play written by the famous English writer William Shakespeare. It's known as a history play because it tells a story based on real events from the past. This play is about the life of King Richard II of England.

Shakespeare likely got his ideas for Richard II from books like Holinshed's Chronicles and The Civil Wars (1595) by Samuel Daniel. These books were popular history accounts of the time. The play Richard II was probably first printed in 1597. It was first performed on 7 February 1601.

What is a History Play?

A history play is a special kind of play that tells stories about real historical figures and events. Shakespeare wrote ten history plays, mostly about English kings. These plays often explore big ideas like power, leadership, and what it means to be a good ruler.

The Story of Richard II

The play Richard II focuses on the last two years of King Richard II's reign. It shows how he lost his throne to his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke. The play explores themes of divine right (the idea that a king's power comes from God) versus the practical needs of the country.

Key Characters

• King Richard II: The young king who believes his power is given by God.
• Henry Bolingbroke: Richard's cousin, who eventually takes the throne.
• John of Gaunt: Richard's uncle and Bolingbroke's father, a wise and respected nobleman.
• Duke of York: Another of Richard's uncles, who tries to stay loyal but struggles with the king's actions.

Main Events in the Play

The play begins with a quarrel between Bolingbroke and another nobleman, Thomas Mowbray. King Richard banishes both of them. Later, when John of Gaunt dies, Richard takes his lands and money. This makes Bolingbroke very angry.

While Richard is away fighting in Ireland, Bolingbroke returns to England. Many nobles and common people support him because they are unhappy with Richard's rule. Bolingbroke quickly gains power.

When Richard returns, he finds himself with little support. He is eventually forced to give up his crown to Bolingbroke. This is a very dramatic moment in the play. Bolingbroke becomes King Henry IV. The play ends with Richard's death.

Why is Richard II Important?

Richard II is important because it shows a king losing his power. It makes people think about what makes a good leader. It also explores the idea of kingship and the challenges of ruling a country. The play is known for its beautiful language and powerful speeches.

Shakespeare's history plays, including Richard II, helped shape how people in England thought about their past. They also showed the struggles and triumphs of their rulers.

Images for kids

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  The Entry of Richard and Bolingbroke into London (from William Shakespeare's 'Richard II', Act V, Scene 2), James Northcote (1793)

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  The title page from the 1608 quarto

See also

In Spanish: Ricardo II (Shakespeare) para niños