Sphenodontia facts for kids
Quick facts for kids SphenodontsTemporal range: Upper Triassic – Recent
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Sphenodontia
Williston, 1925
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The Sphenodontia are a special group of reptiles. Today, only one type of animal from this group is still alive: the tuatara (Sphenodon). You might also hear them called Rhynchocephalia. These animals are like ancient cousins to modern lizards and snakes. They branched off from the main reptile family tree a very long time ago.
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What are Sphenodonts?
Sphenodonts are a unique order of reptiles. They look a bit like lizards but are actually quite different. The most famous and only living member of this group is the tuatara. Tuataras live only in New Zealand. They are often called "living fossils" because they have changed very little over millions of years. This makes them very important for scientists studying reptile evolution.
A Look Back in Time: Ancient Sphenodonts
The Sphenodontia group was once very diverse. They had many different families and species. These ancient reptiles lived during the Triassic period and Jurassic period. That was about 250 to 145 million years ago! They lived alongside the early dinosaurs.
Over time, most of these ancient Sphenodonts died out. They became less common as lizards and snakes became more successful. Today, only the tuatara remains. This makes the tuatara a very special survivor from a prehistoric world.
How They Are Different
Sphenodonts have some unique features that set them apart from lizards and snakes. For example, they have a special skull structure. Their upper jaw is fixed to their skull. Lizards and snakes have more flexible jaws. Sphenodonts also have a unique way their teeth are attached to their jawbones. These differences show their ancient lineage.
The Tuatara Today
The tuatara is the only living Sphenodont. It is native to New Zealand. Tuataras can live for a very long time, sometimes over 100 years! They are mostly active at night. They hunt insects, spiders, and even small birds. Tuataras also have a "third eye" on top of their head. This eye is covered by skin and can only sense light. It helps them know when it's day or night.
Tuataras are an endangered species. This means they are at risk of disappearing forever. They are protected by law in New Zealand. Scientists and conservationists work hard to keep them safe. They live on predator-free islands to help their populations grow.
Images for kids
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Homeosaurus maximiliani from the Late Jurassic of Germany
See also
In Spanish: Esfenodontos para niños
