Treaty of Newcastle (1244) facts for kids

The Treaty of Newcastle was an important agreement signed on 14 August 1244. It was made between King Henry III of England and King Alexander II of Scotland. This treaty helped to stop a war from happening between their two countries. It was signed in a village called Ponteland in Northumberland, which is near Newcastle upon Tyne.

Why the Treaty Was Needed

For a while, England and Scotland had disagreements about their shared border. These arguments had been going on for many years, even since the Battle of Alnwick in 1174. In 1244, the armies of both countries were ready to fight each other. They met near Newcastle Upon Tyne. Instead of fighting, the leaders decided to talk. They signed the Treaty of Newcastle to prevent a battle. This treaty officially set the border between Scotland and England.

A Royal Marriage for Peace

To make the treaty even stronger, a special arrangement was made. King Henry III's daughter, Margaret, was promised in marriage to King Alexander II's son, Alexander III of Scotland. This was a common way for countries to secure peace in those times. Margaret and Alexander later married in 1251 in York. Margaret was 11 years old, and Alexander was 10 years old. They later had three children together.