Vera Yurasova facts for kids
Vera Yurasova is a famous physicist from Russia. She has done a lot of important work studying how tiny beams of charged particles, called ions, interact with the surface of solid materials. She looked at both what happens in experiments and the science behind it.
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About Vera Yurasova
Vera Yurasova was born in Moscow, Russia, on August 4, 1928. Her father, Evgeniy Yurasov, was a leader in radio communication for airplanes. Her husband, Anatoliy Gorshkov, was also a physicist.
Vera Yurasova studied physics at Moscow State University from 1946 to 1951. For her final project, she studied how particles move and focus in a special device. After finishing her studies, she started working at Moscow University in a department that focused on electron optics.
She earned her PhD in 1958. Her research was about how metal crystals change when tiny particles are knocked off them, a process called sputtering. Later, in 1975, she earned an even higher degree, becoming a Doctor of Science. This was for her work on how atomic particles are released when ions hit single crystals.
Early in her career, Vera Yurasova often talked about her scientific findings with other important scientists at Moscow University. She considered these scientists, along with her supervisor, as her teachers. She also worked closely with a scientist named Oleg Firsov on plasma physics.
Vera Yurasova helped start a special scientific group that studies how atomic particles interact with solid materials. She is well-known for her work both in Russia and around the world. Her main research areas include electronics, how radiation affects solids, using ion beams to study surfaces, and using computers to predict how ions interact with surfaces.
Teaching and Mentoring
Vera Yurasova taught special classes at Moscow University. These classes included "Electron-optic equipment" and "Interaction of ions with the surface." She also led a special seminar for PhD students who were studying sputtering and ion emissions.
She guided 30 students who successfully earned their PhDs. Eight of these students later became Doctors of Science themselves, showing her great impact as a teacher.
Key Scientific Discoveries
Vera Yurasova made many important discoveries:
- She was the first to see that when ions hit single crystals at high speeds, the particles that fly off (sputtering) do so in specific directions. This is called anisotropy.
- She found a special "quantum effect" in sputtering. This showed that the tiny magnetic direction (spin) of particles can change how other particles are released from materials like magnets.
- She discovered wavy patterns in the energy of excited ions that are released from surfaces. These patterns helped scientists understand how electrons are arranged on the surface of materials.
- She used experiments and computer models to study how crystals made of two different materials sputter. She found that the two materials would fly off in different directions.
- She studied how well different materials, used for strong coatings or bright lights, could resist damage from radiation.
- She helped create the first industrial machine that could carve tiny patterns on surfaces using ion beams.
Her scientific work is highly valued and mentioned in many scientific papers and books.
Involvement in Science Groups
Vera Yurasova has been very active in many scientific groups and committees. She has helped organize many international conferences. She is a member of the International Bohmische Physical Society and the International Union for Vacuum Science, Technique and Applications (IUVSTA). Since 1991, she has also been on the editorial board of the international science journal “Vacuum”.
Hobbies and Interests
Outside of her scientific work, Vera Yurasova enjoys music, painting, and photography.
Books and Papers
Vera Yurasova has written several books, including:
- "Modern electron microscopy" (1965)
- "Ion physics and technology" (1990)
- "Interaction of ions with surfaces" (1999)
She has also written over 450 scientific papers. Some of her important papers include studies on how particles fly off copper crystals, how sputtering changes when nickel goes through a magnetic change, and how cones form on surfaces during sputtering. She also wrote articles for the Great Soviet Encyclopaedia.
Awards and Recognition
Vera Yurasova has received many awards for her work:
- The S.I. Vavilov prize in 1962 for her machine that etches (carves) patterns on metals and other materials.
- Prizes from the Soviet Ministry for Higher Education in 1982 and 1986 for her best scientific works.
- A silver medal in 1960 for her "Installation of ionic etching UIT-1."
- Medals from international exhibitions in Rio de Janeiro (1961) and London (1962) for the first industrial machine to study material structure using ion bombardment.
- In 1981, she received a special prize with Gottfried Wehner "For pioneering work in sputtering." They were called the "Mother of Sputtering" and the "Father of Sputtering."
Her life story is included in several biographical dictionaries, such as "Famous Russians" and "Who’s Who in Science and Engineering."
See also
In Spanish: Vera Yurasova para niños
