War of the Oranges facts for kids
The War of the Oranges was a short conflict in 1801. It happened in a region of Portugal called Alentejo. During this war, soldiers from France and Spain entered Portugal. The war got its name because a Spanish leader supposedly gave oranges to the Queen of Spain.
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What Was the War of the Oranges?
The War of the Oranges was a quick fight between Spain and Portugal. It took place in the spring of 1801. France, led by Napoleon Bonaparte, was a big influence in this conflict. Napoleon wanted Portugal to stop trading with Great Britain.
Why Did the War Start?
Portugal had a long-standing friendship and trade agreement with Great Britain. At the time, France and Britain were enemies. Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to hurt Britain's economy. He demanded that Portugal close its ports to British ships. When Portugal refused, Napoleon pressured Spain to invade.
Who Was Involved in the War?
- Spain: Led by Prime Minister Manuel de Godoy. He was also known as the "Prince of Peace."
- Portugal: Its army tried to defend the country.
- France: Provided support and pressure to Spain. French troops also joined the invasion.
Key Events of the War
The war began in May 1801. Spanish and French forces quickly moved into Portugal. The Portuguese army was not ready for such a large attack.
The Invasion of Alentejo
The main fighting happened in the Alentejo region of Portugal. Spanish troops, with French support, crossed the border. They captured several towns and forts. The Portuguese resistance was brief.
Why Was it Called the War of the Oranges?
The war got its unusual name from an event during the conflict. Manuel de Godoy, the Spanish Prime Minister, was leading the Spanish army. He sent a branch of oranges to Queen Maria Luisa of Spain. This happened while he was near the Portuguese city of Elvas. It was a symbolic gesture.
How Did the War End?
The War of the Oranges ended very quickly. It lasted only a few weeks.
The Treaty of Badajoz
On June 6, 1801, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Badajoz. This treaty officially ended the war.
- Portugal agreed to close its ports to British ships.
- Portugal gave up some land to Spain. This included the town of Olivenza.
- Portugal also had to pay money to France.
Aftermath of the Conflict
The War of the Oranges showed Portugal's difficult position. It was caught between powerful European nations. The treaty did not last long. Later, Napoleon would invade Portugal again. This led to the Peninsular War.
Images for kids
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Manuel de Godoy offering Queen María Luisa a branch with oranges.
See also
In Spanish: Guerra de las Naranjas para niños
