Colonization societies facts for kids
A number of groups called colonization societies existed in the United States. These groups encouraged African Americans to move to Africa.
One of the earliest supporters of this idea was Thomas Jefferson. He was a Founding Father who believed African Americans should move to a new place far from Virginia. The idea of colonization may have started with Reverend Samuel Hopkins in 1770.
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What Were Colonization Societies?
Colonization societies were organizations that wanted to help African Americans move from the United States to Africa. They believed this move would offer a better life for African Americans. These groups often raised money and arranged for ships to transport people.
The main goal was to create new homes for African Americans in Africa. The country of Liberia was founded for this purpose. Many people had different reasons for supporting these societies. Some believed it was a way to end slavery. Others thought it would prevent racial conflict.
Groups That Promoted Migration
Many different societies were formed over the years. Each had its own goals and methods. Here are some of the most well-known ones:
Early Efforts
- Sierra Leone Company: This British company helped establish a settlement in Sierra Leone for formerly enslaved people.
- African Colonization Society (1800–1816): Based in Richmond, Virginia, this early group worked to promote the idea of moving to Africa.
Major National Societies
- American Colonization Society (1817–onwards): This was one of the most important and successful groups. It was founded by people like Samuel John Mills and Dr. Finley. This society became a nationwide organization. Many famous Americans were involved. It played a key role in creating the country of Liberia.
- National Colonization Society of America (Founded 1816): This group also started in Washington, D.C. It worked closely with the American Colonization Society.
State and Local Groups
- Maryland State Colonization Society: This group focused on helping people from Maryland move to Africa.
- New York Colonization Society: This society was active in Liberia during the 1890s.
Later Efforts and Specific Expeditions
- Liberia Exodus Joint Stock Steamship Company (1877–1880): This company sent one ship, the Azor, to Liberia. This journey was encouraged by Martin Delany.
- United Trans-Atlantic Society (1885–1887): This group was formed in Kansas City. It was started by Benjamin "Pap" Singleton.
- International Migration Society (1894–1899): Founded by Bishop Henry McNeil Turner, this society successfully sent three ships of African American migrants to Liberia.
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