Father Christmas facts for kids
Father Christmas is the traditional English name for the personification of Christmas. Although now known as a Christmas gift-bringer, and normally considered to be synonymous with Western culture's Santa Claus which is now known worldwide, he was originally part of an unrelated and much older English folkloric tradition. The recognisably modern figure of the English Father Christmas developed in the late Victorian period, but Christmas had been personified for centuries before then.
English personifications of Christmas were first recorded in the 15th century, with Father Christmas himself first appearing in the mid 17th century in the aftermath of the English Civil War. The Puritan-controlled English government had legislated to abolish Christmas, considering it papist, and had outlawed its traditional customs. Royalist political pamphleteers, linking the old traditions with their cause, adopted Old Father Christmas as the symbol of 'the good old days' of feasting and good cheer. Following the Restoration in 1660, Father Christmas's profile declined. His character was maintained during the late 18th and into the 19th century by the Christmas folk plays later known as mummers plays.
Until Victorian times, Father Christmas was concerned with adult feasting and merry-making. He had no particular connection with children, nor with the giving of presents, nocturnal visits, stockings or chimneys. But as later Victorian Christmases developed into child-centric family festivals, Father Christmas became a bringer of gifts. The popular American myth of Santa Claus arrived in England in the 1850s and Father Christmas started to take on Santa's attributes. By the 1880s the new customs had become established, with the nocturnal visitor sometimes being known as Santa Claus and sometimes as Father Christmas. He was often illustrated wearing a long red hooded gown trimmed with white fur.
Any residual distinctions between Father Christmas and Santa Claus largely faded away in the early years of the 20th century, and modern dictionaries consider the terms Father Christmas and Santa Claus to be synonymous.
Images for kids
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Father Christmas depicted in The Vindication of Christmas, 1652
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Father Christmas, as illustrated in Josiah King's two pamphlets of 1658 and 1678
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A Merry England vision of Old Christmas 1836
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Christmas with his children 1836
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'Ghost of Christmas Present' in Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol 1843.
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Santa Claus, as presented in Howitt's Journal of Literature and Popular Progress, London 1848
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Old Father Christmas, or The Cave of Mystery 1866
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Father Christmas 1879, with holly crown and wassail bowl, the bowl now being used for the delivery of children's presents
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Father Christmas cartoon, Punch, Dec 1919
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Father Christmas Packing 1931, as imagined in a private letter by JRR Tolkien, published in 1976
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Old Christmas 1842
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Old Christmas / Father Christmas 1843
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Father Christmas 1848
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A hunchback Old Father Christmas in an 1836 play with long robe, holly wreath and staff.
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An 1852 play. The Old Father Christmas character is on the far left.
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A party of mummers 1864
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The Awakening of Father Christmas 1891
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"Where's your stocking?" 1895
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Father Christmas Up-To-Date 1896
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Father Christmas Not Up-To-Date 1897
