First Nations in New Brunswick facts for kids

The First Nations are the original peoples of Canada. In New Brunswick, there are more than 16,000 First Nations people. Most of them belong to two main groups: the Miꞌkmaq and the Maliseet (also known as Wolastoqiyik).

Another group, the Passamaquoddy, used to live in New Brunswick. They still have a land claim near Saint Andrews, New Brunswick. However, they do not have official reserves or status in Canada today.

First Nations Communities in New Brunswick

New Brunswick is home to 15 different First Nations communities. Each community is unique, with its own history and culture. These communities are often called "bands."

The two largest First Nations groups in New Brunswick are the Mi'kmaq and the Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet).

Mi'kmaq Communities

The Mi'kmaq people have lived in the Atlantic provinces for thousands of years. In New Brunswick, some of their communities include:

• Elsipogtog: This is the largest First Nation community in New Brunswick, with over 3,400 members.
• Esgenoopetitj (Burnt Church): Another large Mi'kmaq community, with nearly 2,000 members.
• Eel Ground: Home to over 1,000 Mi'kmaq people.
• Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq: This community is known for its rich archaeological history.
• Buctouche MicMac
• Eel River Bar
• Fort Folly
• Indian Island
• Pabineau

Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) Communities

The Wolastoqiyik, also known as Maliseet, are another important First Nations group in New Brunswick. Their name, Wolastoqiyik, means "People of the Beautiful River," referring to the Wolastoq (Saint John River). Some of their communities are:

• Saint Mary's: This community has over 2,000 members.
• Tobique: One of the largest Wolastoqiyik communities, with over 2,500 members.
• Kingsclear: Home to over 1,000 Wolastoqiyik people.
• Woodstock
• Madawaska Maliseet
• Oromocto

Indian Reserves in New Brunswick

An Indian reserve is land set aside by the Canadian government for the use of a First Nation. New Brunswick has 32 Indian reserves. Many of these reserves are where First Nations communities live and govern themselves.

Some reserves are quite large, like Richibucto 15 (Elsipogtog First Nation) or Tabusintac 9 (Esgenoopetitj First Nation). Others are smaller. The land on these reserves is very important for the cultural and community life of the First Nations people.