Hermann Muhs facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Hermann Muhs
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| Leader Reich Ministry for Church Affairs |
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| In office 14 December 1941 – 8 May 1945 |
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| Preceded by | Hanns Kerrl |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| State Secretary Reich Ministry for Church Affairs |
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| In office 19 April 1937 – 8 May 1945 |
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| Leader Reich Office for Regional Planning |
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| In office 14 December 1941 – 8 May 1945 |
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| Preceded by | Hanns Kerrl |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Regierungspräsident Regierungsbezirk Hildesheim |
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| In office 25 March 1933 – 9 April 1937 |
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| Preceded by | Leopold Höhnen |
| Succeeded by | Traugott Bredow |
| Deputy Gauleiter Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick |
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| In office 7 October 1930 – 17 August 1932 |
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| Preceded by | Karl Dincklage |
| Succeeded by | Gerret Korsemann |
| Gauleiter Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick |
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| In office 17 August 1932 – 15 December 1932 |
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| Preceded by | Bernhard Rust |
| Succeeded by | Bernhard Rust |
| Deputy Gauleiter Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick |
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| In office 15 December 1932 – 15 April 1933 |
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| Preceded by | Gerret Korsemann |
| Succeeded by | Kurt Schmalz |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 16 May 1894 Barlissen, Province of Hanover, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |
| Died | 13 April 1962 (aged 67) Göttingen, West Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Political party | Nazi Party |
| Alma mater | University of Göttingen |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  German Empire |
| Branch/service |  Imperial German Army Luftstreitkräfte |
| Years of service | 1914-1920 |
| Rank | Leutnant |
| Unit | Field Artillery Regiment 46 Field Artillery Regiment 254 Field Artillery Regiment 43 |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards | Iron Cross, 2nd Class |
Hermann Muhs (born May 16, 1894, died April 13, 1962) was a German lawyer and politician during the time of Nazi Germany. He held important positions in the government, including being a leader in the Reich Ministry for Church Affairs. This ministry was responsible for dealing with religious groups and churches in Germany during that period.
Contents
Early Life and Education
Hermann Muhs grew up on a farm. He went to school in Göttingen and finished in 1914. He volunteered for military service in World War I. He fought in the war and was wounded twice. He received the Iron Cross, a military award.
In 1917, he joined the Luftstreitkräfte, which was the German Imperial Air Force. He trained as a pilot. In 1918, his plane was shot down, and he was captured by the French. He was released in 1920 and returned to Germany.
After the war, Muhs studied economics and law at the University of Göttingen. He earned his law degree in 1922. He then worked as a lawyer in Celle and Hanover. Later, he opened his own law firm in Göttingen, where he worked until 1933.
Joining the Nazi Party
Muhs joined the Nazi Party on September 1, 1929. In November of that year, he was elected to the Citizens Council in Göttingen. He led the Nazi Party group there until March 1933. By 1930, he was a district leader for the party in Southern Hanover Province.
On October 7, 1930, Muhs became the Deputy Gauleiter (a regional leader) for the Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick. He also led the party's organization in that area. In 1932, he became a member of the local parliament in Hanover. He was also elected to the Prussian Parliament, serving until March 1933.
For a short time, from August to December 1932, Muhs was the main Gauleiter for Gau Southern Hanover-Brunswick. After this, he went back to being the Deputy Gauleiter until April 1933.
Government Roles and the Church Ministry
After the Nazis came to power in 1933, Muhs became the Regierungspräsident (a type of regional governor) for Hildesheim. He held this position until April 1937. He also became the head of the Administrative Court in Hildesheim.
In July 1933, Muhs became a Senator for the State Church of Hanover. On November 19, 1936, he was named the main deputy to the Minister for Church Affairs, Hanns Kerrl. Then, on April 19, 1937, he was appointed Staatssekretär (State Secretary) and leader of a main department in the ministry.
Muhs was known for trying to make the churches follow Nazi ideas. However, his actions often faced strong resistance from church leaders. This led to him losing trust, and Minister Kerrl limited his public speeches.
Muhs had been a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS) since 1931. He reached the rank of SS-Oberführer in 1938. However, in 1941, he attended a funeral in his SS uniform, which was against the rules set by Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS. Because of this, Muhs was removed from the SS on April 2, 1941.
Despite this, after Minister Hanns Kerrl died on December 14, 1941, Muhs was named the acting leader of the Reich Ministry for Church Affairs. He took over all the duties of the minister. His appointment was made permanent on January 16, 1942. He continued to lead the ministry until the end of the Nazi regime on May 8, 1945. He also took over Kerrl's role as leader of the Reich Office of Regional Planning.
After World War II
After World War II ended, Muhs was held by the Allied authorities in June 1945. He was first cleared by a court in Bielefeld in 1948. This decision was changed in 1949. In 1951, he was classified as a "lesser offender," meaning he was not considered a major Nazi criminal. He was not kept in prison after this. In 1952, he started working as a lawyer again in Göttingen. He died there on April 13, 1962.
Sources
- Conway, John S. (1968). The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933–1945. Basic Books Inc.. ISBN 978-0465049-07-3.
- Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2017). Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925-1945. II (Georg Joel - Dr. Bernhard Rust). R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 978-1-932970-32-6.
- Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1997). The Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80793-9.
See also
In Spanish: Hermann Muhs para niños
