Jules Carpentier facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Jules Carpentier
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Jules Carpentier
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| Born | 30 August 1851 |
| Died | 30 June 1921 (aged 69) |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Engineer, Inventor |
Jules Carpentier (born August 30, 1851 – died June 30, 1921) was a clever French engineer and inventor. He studied at a famous French school called École Polytechnique. After school, he bought a workshop in Paris that made electrical devices. He turned it into a very successful business.
Later, he started making cameras for photos and movies. He invented the periscope for submarines. He also helped improve early color photography. Carpentier patented the "Cinématographe", which was a camera and projector. He built these devices for the famous Lumière Brothers. Jules Carpentier passed away in 1921 in a car accident in Joigny, France.
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Measuring Electricity
Jules Carpentier was one of the first people to make different kinds of Galvanometers. These devices measure electric current. He worked with other scientists like Marcel Deprez and Arsène d'Arsonval.
Carpentier also helped create many other tools. These tools could measure things like electric intensity and voltage. For almost 50 years, many electrical measuring tools were known by the "Carpentier" name. He helped set the rules for electrical measurements.
Improving Telegraphs
Jules Carpentier helped set up the telegraph system in France. This system was invented by Emile Baudot. Carpentier and his team added new parts to the system. These parts helped regulate, translate, and print messages.
Thousands of "Baudot" telegraph systems were built in Carpentier's workshops. They were used across France and in many other countries.
Later, Carpentier worked with Gustave Ferrie on radio waves. Ferrie was a military engineer. They studied how to make strong radio waves. They built special coils and switches for early radio.
Carpentier and Ferrie also invented tools to measure radio waves. These included the wave meter and frequency meter. They also made special Ammeters and Ohmmeters. These tools helped measure and calculate parts of radio systems. In 1921, a new invention changed radio technology. Carpentier was working on new measuring tools for it when he died.
Photography Innovations
Jules Carpentier worked closely with Charles Cros. They worked on a process for color photography. Charles Cros had invented this process in 1869. In 1885, Carpentier shared his ideas for color definition and classification.
In 1890, Carpentier started making cameras. He created a small, handheld camera called the "photo-mate." It could hold 12 photo plates. This camera let you take pictures by looking through a special lens. It was a small and easy-to-carry device.
Carpentier also made new models of enlargers. These machines had an autofocus feature. The "photo-mate" was very popular and many models were sold.
Pioneering Cinematography
Between 1894 and 1895, Jules Carpentier helped design the Louis Lumière Film camera. He was in charge of building it. This device was a clever combination of a camera and a projector. It could also develop film.
To make the film move smoothly, he used a special hook system. This system stopped the film perfectly for each frame. The camera would let light in for a very short time, about 1/25 of a second.
After the first public movie showing in Paris in December 1895, the Lumière brothers ordered 200 more cameras. To build these, Carpentier patented a "Maltese cross" mechanism in March 1896. This mechanism helped the film move precisely.
In 1897, Carpentier made special movie projectors. There were two models. Model A worked with Lumière films. Model B worked with Edison films. Carpentier's workshops built between 700 and 800 Lumière Cinematographs. In 1909, Carpentier and the Lumière brothers also launched a 35mm camera. It was called the "Cinématolabe." But it was not very successful. Other companies like Pathé and Gaumont already controlled the market.
Optical Inventions
Around 1900, the Department of Shipbuilding asked Jules Carpentier for help. They wanted him to make periscopes for submarines. A periscope is like a "vision tube" that lets you see above the water.
By 1906, more than 80 of his periscopes were in use. He also designed periscopes for trenches. These were used a lot during the First World War.
See also
In Spanish: Jules Carpentier para niños
