Kings Cross, New South Wales facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Kings Cross Sydney, New South Wales
Coca-Cola billboard, Kings Cross
Population	4,948 (2019)
Location	2 km (1 mi) east of Sydney CBD
LGA(s)	City of Sydney
State electorate(s)	Sydney
Federal Division(s)	Sydney
Localities around Kings Cross: Potts Point Potts Point Elizabeth Bay Woolloomooloo Kings Cross Rushcutters Bay Darlinghurst Darlinghurst Darlinghurst

Kings Cross is an inner-eastern locality of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located approximately 2 kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Sydney. It is bounded by the suburbs of Potts Point, Elizabeth Bay, Rushcutters Bay and Darlinghurst.

Colloquially known as The Cross, the area was once known for its music halls and grand theatres.

History

Trams and trolley buses pass through Kings Cross intersection in the 1950s

William Street and Kings Cross from the air in the 1950s

British settlement

The intersection of William Street, Darlinghurst Road and Victoria Street at the locality's southernmost limit was named Queen's Cross to celebrate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee in 1897. Confusion with Queen's Square in King Street in the city prompted its renaming as Kings Cross, after King Edward VII, in 1905.

During the early 19th century the Darlinghurst area, which extended to include current day Kings Cross, was one of Sydney's most prestigious locations, being far enough to escape the noise and smell of the central city but close enough for easy travel. An additional attraction was the commanding harbour views to the east and north and (from some points) views to the west as far as the Blue Mountains.

In 1828, the Governor of New South Wales Sir Ralph Darling subdivided the area, then known as Woolloomooloo Hill, into large allotments which he granted seventeen estates to favoured subordinates and leading businessmen. They built a series of grandiose mansions with sprawling gardens of up to ten acres (4 ha). The remnants of these gardens helped give the area its leafy character, and many of the mansions are commemorated through street names such as Roslyn, Orwell and Kellett. Most of the grand estates were ultimately subdivided with all but a handful of the great houses demolished. One of the surviving homes, located nearby in the suburb of Elizabeth Bay, is Elizabeth Bay House, a quintessential example of Australian colonial architecture. Others, now used for other purposes, include Tusculum in Manning Street and Rockwall. A prominent past resident of this era was David Scott Mitchell.

Early Subdivision Plans

The estates that Governor Darling granted to the emerging merchant class and professional elite shaped the development of the area that came to be known as Kings Cross. The mansions built on these estates such as Tusculum remain today as leading examples of architectural design in colonial Australia.

Subdivision plans also known as estate maps were produced from the mid-19th to mid-20th century and advertised estates and subdivisions of land for sale. They illustrate the urban development of Sydney as large estates were divided up and transformed into the suburbs of Sydney.

The estates and mansions are commemorated through street names such as Roslyn, Orwell and Kellett, as documented in the gallery of subdivision maps.

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  Barncleuth Estate, Darlinghurst – Hardie and Gorman – Elizabeth Bay Rd, Rushcutter's Bay Rd, 1883.

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  Tusculum, Potts Point – Richardson & Wrench – Victoria St, Tusculum St, Macleay St, Albert St, Manning St, 1904.

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  Darlinghurst, Bayswater Rd subdivision – Richardson and Wrench; Raine and Horne – Bayswater Rd, Woolcott St, Surrey St, Roslyn St, 1916

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  Potts Point, Orwell House Estate – Raine and Horne – Hughes St, Victoria St, Orwell St, Macleay St, Orwell Lane, Hughes Lane, Hughes Place, 1921.

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  Springfield House and grounds, Darlinghurst – Hardie and Gorman – Earl St, Earl Place, Springfield Ave, Llankelly Lane, Orwell St, Elizabeth Bay Rd, Barncleuth Square, Roslyn St, Macleay St, Darlinghurst Rd, 1923.

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  Alberto Terrace – Richardson and Wrench, Hardie and Gorman – Kellett Lane, Kellet St, Darlinghurst Rd, Bayswater Rd, Victoria St, William St, Woolcot St, Brougham Lane, Penny's Lane, Goderich Lane, 1923.

Bohemian district

The Kings Cross district was Sydney's bohemian heartland from the early decades of the 20th century. For most of the 1900s, the "Cross" was an entertainment centre which hosted numerous clubs and cafes as well as the Kings Cross Theatre, one of Sydney's earliest movie houses. The area was also home to a large number of artists, including writers, poets and journalists such as Kenneth Slessor, Christopher Brennan, Hal Porter, George Sprod and Dame Mary Gilmore, entrepreneur Mayfield B. Anthony, actors including Peter Finch and Chips Rafferty, and painters Sir William Dobell and Rosaleen Norton.

Kings Cross circa 1960.

El Alamein Fountain

Kings Cross station on the left, present day

Today

Today, the ongoing operation of tourist accommodation, the proximity to social housing and health care, and the convenient public transport to the city result in a diverse population, both resident and passing through at Kings Cross. Since the introduction of controversial lockout laws in March 2014 several nightclubs and pubs in the area have closed down. In February 2021, the NSW government announced the end of lockout laws in March 2021 hoping to revitalise the area.

Heritage listings

Kings Cross has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

• Macleay Street: El Alamein Memorial Fountain.
• Darlinghurst Road: Bourbon & Beefsteak building façade, Kingsley Hall building, and the Empire Hotel.

Landmarks

Fire Station & Kirketon Road Centre, Darlinghurst Road

• The El Alamein Fountain is at the entrance to the Fitzroy Gardens on the corner of Darlingurst Road and Macleay Street was commissioned as a memorial to soldiers who died in 1942 during World War II in two battles at El Alamein, Egypt. It was designed in 1961 by the New Zealand-born architect Robert Woodward. Its dandelion design, which has since been copied for fountains around the world, was Woodward's original design.
• The Coca-Cola billboard, which has since been turned off and replaced in 2016 with a new sign. Pieces of the original sign were auctioned off on eBay with proceeds going to the Wayside Chapel.
• The Fire Station at the intersection of Darlinghurst Road and Victoria Street was designed by the Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon, and built from 1910 to 1912. It is an example of the Federation Free Style and is now listed on the Register of the National Estate.
• Kings Cross railway station is an underground railway station on the Eastern Suburbs & Illawarra Line of the Sydney Trains network.
• The Les Girls building, now known as the Empire Hotel, stood prominently on the corner of Darlinghurst Road and Roslyn Street, in the heart of the Cross. From 1963 until 1993 the building was home to the legendary Les Girls "drag queen" show, starring Carlotta. Throughout the 1990s the building, still retaining its original 1960s features, became the home to alternative cabaret, including the much-loved Sunday nightclub The Tender Trap.

Culture

Events and celebrations

• The Kings Cross Food and Wine Festival is a local annual event held in autumn by the Potts Point Partnership, a business action group.

Population

As of 2019, it is estimated 4,948 people live within the locality's 0.17 km² (0.066 sq mi) area. In 2018, the local area (including Potts Point and Woolloomooloo) was recognised as the second most densely populated in Australia.