Matross facts for kids

A matross was a special kind of soldier who worked with artillery. Artillery means big guns, like cannons. Matrosses were part of a gun crew, helping to load, fire, and clean the cannons. They were a rank below a gunner. Matrosses also carried muskets and bayonets and guarded supply wagons. In the American army, a matross was like a private soldier in the artillery.

What Was a Matross?

Matrosses were important members of an artillery team. Their main job was to help the gunners. This included pushing cannonballs into the gun, making sure it fired correctly, and cleaning it after each shot. They had specific places to stand around the cannon to do their jobs safely and efficiently.

History of Matrosses

The British Army first used the rank of matross in 1639. Before that, these soldiers were simply called "gunner's assistants." The word "matross" comes from the German language word "matrose," which means "sailor." This name was given because the work they did was similar to tasks sailors performed on a ship. It was an attempt to give these assistants a more respected title, even though their pay stayed the same.

Matrosses in the Revolutionary War

During the American Revolutionary War, American soldiers used a special manual for artillery. This manual gave very detailed instructions for each member of a gun crew, including the matross. For example, it explained exactly where the first matross should stand:

The first matross (1) stands on the right side of the chace of the piece, between the piece and the right wheel, and with his back touching the axletree. His left foot is advanced a pace in front and both legs are straight. His head is turned so much tothe left as to have a glimpse of the flash of the vent with the left eye when the piece if fired. His duty is to sponge and ram the piece.

This shows how precise their movements had to be to operate the cannons safely and quickly.

The End of the Matross Rank

By the War of 1812, a full gun crew could have as many as 15 men. Each person had a very specific task when loading and firing a cannon. Often, a non-commissioned officer would be in charge of the gun crew and aim the cannon.

In 1873, the rank of matross was officially ended. All matrosses were promoted to the rank of gunner. From that point on, the term "matross" was no longer used in the military.