Salvador Jovellanos facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Salvador Jovellanos
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| 5th President of Paraguay | |
| In office December 18, 1871 – November 25, 1874 |
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| Vice President | Vacant |
| Preceded by | Cirilo Antonio Rivarola |
| Succeeded by | Juan Bautista Gill |
| 2nd Vice President of Paraguay | |
| In office 9 December 1871 – 18 December 1871 |
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| President | Cirilo Antonio Rivarola |
| Preceded by | Cayo Miltos |
| Succeeded by | Higinio Uriarte (1874) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 31, 1833 Asunción, Paraguay |
| Died | February 11, 1881 (aged 47) Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Political party | Colorado |
| Spouse | Ercilia Bogado |
Salvador Silvestre del Rosario Jovellanos Guanes (born December 31, 1833 – died February 11, 1881) was an important Paraguayan politician. He served as Vice President in 1871. Later, he became the President from December 18, 1871, to November 25, 1874. During his time as president, his main goal was to help Paraguay recover after losing the Paraguayan War. This war was fought against Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Salvador Jovellanos passed away in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
He was born in Asunción, Paraguay, on December 31, 1833. When he was very young, his family left Paraguay. They moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, during the time of President Carlos Antonio López. In Buenos Aires, Salvador Jovellanos started his own family.
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Life in Exile
When he lived outside Paraguay, Jovellanos became involved in politics. He was one of the people who helped start the Paraguayan Association on December 28, 1858. This group was made up of Paraguayans living in other countries.
After the Paraguayan War began, he signed a special request on April 24, 1865. This request asked the Argentine government to allow a group called the Paraguayan Legion to be formed. This Legion would be made up of Paraguayans who were living in exile and did not support the current government. Jovellanos was one of the first people to support this idea.
Returning to Paraguay
In January 1869, Salvador Jovellanos came back to Paraguay. This was a few weeks after the capital city, Asunción, was taken over by the Allied forces. These forces were from Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Many other Paraguayans who had been in exile also returned with him. They included Juan Bautista Gill, Benigno Ferreira, and Cayo Miltos. These returning citizens signed a request asking the Allied forces to help set up a temporary government in Paraguay.
On March 25, 1870, Jovellanos joined a group called the Gran Club del Pueblo. This group was an early version of what would become the Colorado Party. It was led by Facundo Machaín. In July 1870, Jovellanos was elected to the National Assembly. He also helped write the new Constitution of 1870 and the country's election laws. From June to November 1870, he served as the Minister of Finance of Paraguay, managing the country's money.
Jovellanos as President
In January 1871, the Vice President, Cayo Miltos, sadly passed away from yellow fever. The National Assembly then chose Salvador Jovellanos to become the new Vice President. During 1871, he also worked as the Minister of War and Navy, and as the Interior Minister.
Later that year, President Cirilo Antonio Rivarola resigned from his position. This happened during a time of political trouble. Jovellanos then became the President. His rise to power was part of a plan by Juan Bautista Gill and some Brazilians who wanted Gill to become president. However, before Gill could remove Jovellanos, Gill was arrested and sent out of the country. During Jovellanos's time as president, General Benigno Ferreira had a lot of influence behind the scenes.
Key Agreements and Challenges
During Jovellanos's government, an important agreement was signed with the Empire of Brazil on January 9, 1872. This was called the Loizaga – Cotegipe Treaty. With this treaty, Paraguay gave up some land north of the Apa River and the Amambai territory. A peace treaty was also signed with Uruguay. However, relations with Argentina remained difficult.
To help rebuild Paraguay after the war, the government took out a new loan of 2,000,000 pounds from Great Britain. The terms of this loan were very strict. Sadly, much of this money was stolen or used improperly by politicians. Paraguay only finished paying back this debt in 1961.
Improving the Country
President Jovellanos worked hard to improve how the government ran the country. His government paved some streets in Asunción. They also created a Council of Public Education, an office to help immigrants, and boards for economic management. The police force and tax collection services were also reorganized.
The very first tram line was built in Asunción during his presidency. It started at the port and went through several streets, including Colòn Street, Independencia Nacional, Palma, and Libertad Street (now called Eligio Ayala). It ended at the Central railway station.
Jovellanos faced many attempts to remove him from power. Finally, he was forced to leave his position after a rebellion started in 1874. This rebellion was led by General Bernardino Caballero.
After he was no longer president, Salvador Jovellanos went to live in exile in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he later passed away.
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Salvador Jovellanos
See also
In Spanish: Salvador Jovellanos para niños
