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Sextus Calpurnius Agricola
Allegiance Roman Empire
Years of service c.150-c.170
Rank Legate
consul suffectus, imperial legate, Governor
Commands held Germania Superior
Dacia
Moesia
RIB 1137 - Sextus Calpurnius Agricola - VI Victrix
Dedication to the god Sol Invictus, by a vexillatio of the Legio VI Victrix under the command of Agricola.

Sextus Calpurnius Agricola was a Roman senator and general active during the 2nd century. He was consul suffectus with Tiberius Claudius Julianus for the nundinium of September-October 154. Agricola is known primarily from inscriptions.

Life

No information has yet been found about Calpurnius Agricola prior to his consulate. His origin is attested in no surviving document, and the gentilicium "Calpurnius" is commonly found all over the Empire. However, Anthony Birley notes the combination "Sextus Calpurnius" is very uncommon, and he suggests that Agricola is related to Fronto's friend Sextus Calpurnius Julianus; if so, he may have been a native of Cirta or another town in Numidia.

Calpurnius Agricola was governor of Germania Superior around 158.

In 161 or 162 he was made governor of Britain and remained until at least 163, possibly until the end of the 160s.

In 163, he was sent to Britain to control uprisings in the north. He rebuilt a number of forts, most notably that at Coria (Corbridge). He withdrew troops southwards from Scotland towards the line of Hadrian's Wall to contend with the threats of further rebellion.

There are indications of unrest in Britain around the time of his rule attested by damage to the forum at Viroconium Cornoviorum (Wroxeter) and the burning of a large part of Verulamium (St Albans).

Around 166 AD Agricola was appointed imperial legate in Roman Dacia. Between 168 and 169, he was one of the governors of Lower Moesia.

Sources

Epigraphics

  • PIR C 249
  • CIL VII, 226
  • RIB I, 1137

Secondary

  • Patricia Southern, Roman Britain: A New History 55BC - AD 450
Political offices
Preceded by
Marcus Valerius Etruscus (?),
and Lucius Aemilius Juncus (?)

as consules suffecti
Suffect consul of the Roman Empire
154
with Tiberius Claudius Julianus
Succeeded by
Gaius Julius Statius Severus,
and Titus Junius Severus

as consules suffecti
Preceded by
Marcus Statius Priscus
Roman governors of Britain
161- later in the 160s
Succeeded by
Unknown, then Quintus Antistius Adventus
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