Teoloyucan Treaties facts for kids
The Teoloyucan Treaties were important agreements signed in Mexico on August 13, 1914. They took place in a town called Teoloyucan, in the State of Mexico. These treaties were signed between two groups: the revolutionary army, known as the Constitutionalist Army, and the Federal Army, which supported President Victoriano Huerta.
The Constitutionalist Army was led by First Chief Venustiano Carranza. His representatives at the signing were Álvaro Obregón and Lucio Blanco. The Federal Army was represented by General Gustavo A. Salas and Admiral Othón P. Blanco. The governor of Mexico City, Eduardo Iturbe, also signed for the city. These treaties officially ended the fighting by making the Federal Army surrender and then disband.
Why the Treaties Were Needed
In July 1914, the government led by President Huerta realized they were losing the Mexican Revolution. On July 15, President Huerta resigned and left the country.
The new government tried to talk with the revolutionaries. However, these talks failed. The revolutionaries demanded that the capital city, Mexico City, surrender. They also insisted that the Federal Army be completely dissolved.
By August, the Constitutionalist Army, led by Venustiano Carranza, had won many battles. The acting president, Francisco S. Carvajal, finally offered to surrender without any conditions. The very next day, all the government leaders left Mexico.
What the Treaty Said
President Carbajal went to Teoloyucan with representatives from Brazil, France, and the United States. He tried to discuss terms for surrender, but it did not work. The entire government cabinet then went into exile. The treaty was officially signed on August 13.
Eduardo Iturbide, who was the governor of Mexico City and supported Huerta, signed for the city's surrender. General Gustavo A. Salas and Admiral Othón P. Blanco signed the parts of the treaty about the military.
The treaty made it clear that the Federal Army had to surrender completely to the Constitutionalist Army. After surrendering, the Federal Army was officially dissolved. There were no special pardons for anyone. Venustiano Carranza did not want the Federal Army to continue existing. He believed this was a big mistake made by a previous leader, Madero.
General Álvaro Obregón of the Constitutionalist Army took control of Mexico City. He promised to protect the people from looting. Obregón knew that another group, the Zapatistas, were still a threat. So, he allowed some Federal soldiers to stay in the southern part of Mexico City. This area was close to Zapata's base. These soldiers stayed until the Constitutionalist Army could fully take over. Obregón later included the full text of these treaties in his war memories.
After the Federal Army was dissolved, Carranza closed the Military Academy. It reopened in 1920, after Carranza was no longer in power. Until then, the Constitutionalist Army served as Mexico's main army.
See also
In Spanish: Tratados de Teoloyucan para niños
