Varna (Hinduism) facts for kids

Varna (pronounced Var-na) is a Sanskrit word that means type, order, color, or class. In ancient Hindu texts, like the Manusmriti, it was used to describe different social groups.

These texts generally divided society into four main varnas:

• Brahmins: These were usually priests, teachers, and scholars. They focused on religious duties and learning.
• Kshatriyas: This group included rulers, warriors, and people who managed the government. Their role was to protect society.
• Vaishyas: These were farmers, merchants, and traders. They were involved in creating wealth and supporting the economy.
• Shudras: This group included laborers and people who provided services to others.

People who belonged to one of these four varnas were called savarna. This term means "with varna."

On the other hand, groups like the Dalits and tribes were considered outside of this varna system. They were called avarna, meaning "without varna."

Understanding Varna and Jati

The varna system is a way of dividing society into broad classes. It is different from the system of Jātis (pronounced Jaa-tee). The word "caste" in English often refers more closely to the Jati system.

Varna as an Ideal Concept

Hindu texts discuss the varna system as an ideal way to organize human callings or roles. It's often thought to have come from a very old verse called the Purusha Sukta in the Rig Veda, which is one of the oldest Hindu scriptures.

Different Views on Varna

The Manusmriti is a well-known ancient text that describes the varna system in detail. However, it's important to know that many other Hindu texts and teachings have questioned or disagreed with this way of classifying people. This shows that there were different ideas about social organization throughout history.

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You can learn more about this topic in Spanish here: Casta (hinduismo) para niños