Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov
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|---|---|
| Born |
Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov
October 28, 1930 |
| Died | July 29, 2017 (aged 86) Moscow
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| Citizenship |  Soviet Union Russia |
| Alma mater | Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology |
Yuri Alekseevich Ryzhov (Russian: Ю́рий Алексе́евич Рыжо́в) was a famous scientist from Russia. He was born in Moscow on October 28, 1930, and passed away there on July 29, 2017. Yuri Ryzhov was an expert in how liquids and gases move, which is called fluid dynamics.
He was also a very active person in politics and society. He worked as a diplomat, representing Russia in other countries. He earned a high degree called Doctor of Technical Sciences in 1970. He was also a member of the important Russian Academy of Sciences. From 1992 to 1998, he served as the Russian Ambassador to France.
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Early Life and Education
Yuri Ryzhov grew up in the central Arbat District of Moscow. He went to high school there.
In 1954, he finished his studies at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. He earned a degree in Aeromechanics. This field is about how air and other gases move around objects, especially airplanes.
Early Career in Science
Even before he graduated, Yuri Ryzhov started working at TsAGI. This is a big research center for air and water movement. He studied the heat and energy of air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles. He worked there until 1958.
Later, in 1958, he joined another research center called the Keldysh Research Centre. Here, he focused on how air moves at very high speeds.
Work at Moscow Aviation Institute
From 1961 to 1992, and again from 1999, Yuri Ryzhov worked at the Moscow Aviation Institute. He held many important roles there. He was a professor and even the head of the institute, known as the rector, from 1986 to 1992. Since 2003, he led the aerodynamics department.
Public and Political Roles
Yuri Ryzhov was involved in politics for many years. From 1960 to 1990, he was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Serving the People
From 1987 to 1990, he was a deputy in the Moscow City Council, also called Mossovet. This council helped manage the city of Moscow.
From 1989 to 1992, he was a deputy in the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. This was like a parliament for the whole Soviet Union.
He was also part of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. This was a top governing body. He led the committee for science and technology. Yuri Ryzhov was one of the people who started the Inter-regional Deputies Group. This group was the first legal opposition in the Soviet Union's parliament.
High-Level Advisory Roles
From 1990 to 1991, he was a senior advisor to the head of the Supreme Soviet of RSFSR.
In 1991, he led the Committee for Science, Technology, and Education. He also advised the President of the Soviet Union.
A journalist named Mikhail Poltoranin said that Yuri Ryzhov was offered the job of Prime Minister by Boris Yeltsin. However, he chose not to take it.
Ambassador to France
From 1992 to 1998, Yuri Ryzhov served as the Ambassador of Russia to France. This meant he was Russia's main representative in France.
He also advised the President of Russia from 1992 onwards.
International Science and Peace Work
From 2001 to 2012, he led the Russian Pugwash Committee. This committee is part of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. This group brings scientists together to work for peace and reduce nuclear weapons. He was also a member of the main council for the Pugwash Conferences from 2002 to 2013.
Yuri Ryzhov also led a research council on "History of World Culture." He was a judge for a science award called "Triumph-Science." He was part of groups that protected scientists and worked on mechanics. He also served on the board of the Moskovskiye Novosti Newspaper.
Scientific Discoveries
Yuri Ryzhov's main scientific work focused on several areas:
- Supersonic Aerodynamics: This is about how things move through air faster than the speed of sound.
- Rarefied-Gas Dynamics: This studies how gases behave when they are very thin, like in space.
- Particle Interaction: He looked at how tiny particles, like atoms, interact with surfaces.
- Non-Equilibrium Processes: This involves studying changes in gas flows that are not balanced.
- Non-Stationary Heat Transfer: This is about how heat moves and changes over time.
Views on Current Events
In 2014, Yuri Ryzhov was one of 31 people who signed an important statement. This statement was for the September 21st Peace March. They asked for an end to fighting and for Russian troops to leave Ukraine. They also wanted to stop support for separatists in Ukraine.
He was known for disagreeing with some of the policies of President Vladimir Putin.
Awards and Honors
Yuri Ryzhov received several important awards for his work:
- Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", III Class (April 5, 1999) – This award was given for his service to the country and his important work in Russia's foreign policy.
- Medal "Defender of a Free Russia" (August 20, 1997) – He received this for doing his duty to protect democracy during events in August 1991.
