1410 facts for kids

The year 1410 was a time of important changes and events in Europe. Kingdoms fought battles, new leaders were chosen, and famous people were born or died.

Major Events of 1410

The Battle of Grunwald

One of the most important events of 1410 happened on July 15. This was the Battle of Grunwald, also known as Tannenberg or Zalgiris. It was a huge fight between the forces of Poland and Lithuania against the Teutonic Knights.

The Polish and Lithuanian armies were led by two cousins: Władysław Jagiełło, who was the King of Poland, and Vytautas the Great, who was the Grand Duke of Lithuania. They worked together to face the Teutonic Knights.

The Teutonic Knights were a powerful group of warrior monks who controlled a large area in what is now Poland and the Baltic states. They were very strong and had a lot of influence.

In this battle, the Polish and Lithuanian forces won a major victory. They completely defeated the Teutonic Knights. This battle was a turning point because it greatly weakened the power of the Teutonic Knights forever. It changed who was in charge in that part of Europe.

Aragon Captures Oristano

On March 29, the Kingdom of Aragon took control of Oristano. Aragon was a powerful kingdom in what is now Spain. Oristano was the main city of a small independent area called the giudicato di Arborea on the island of Sardinia. Taking Oristano helped Aragon become even more powerful in the Mediterranean Sea.

Religious and Political Changes

In 1410, there were also important events related to religion and leadership.

• Jan Hus, a religious reformer from Prague, was officially removed from the church (this is called excommunication) by the Archbishop of Prague. Jan Hus had ideas about how the church should change, and these ideas were not liked by everyone in power at the time.
• A new leader was chosen for a part of the Christian church. This person was called Antipope John XXIII. He was called an "Antipope" because at this time, there was more than one person claiming to be the true Pope, which caused a lot of confusion and division in the church.
• The building of Woerden Castle began in the Netherlands. Castles were important for defense and as homes for powerful rulers during this period.

People Born in 1410

Many people who would become famous were born in 1410.

• Masuccio Salernitano, an Italian poet, was born around this time. He later became known for his stories.
• William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness was also born. He was an important Scottish noble.
• It is thought that Johannes Ockeghem, a famous Dutch composer, was born in 1410. He created beautiful music.
• Another German musician, Conrad Paumann, an organist and composer, was likely born this year.
• Vecchietta, an Italian artist from Siena who was a painter, sculptor, and architect, was also probably born in 1410.

People Who Died in 1410

Sadly, some important people passed away in 1410.

• On March 5, Matthew of Kraków, a Polish reformer, died.
• John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset died on March 16. He was a powerful English noble.
• Pope Alexander V died on May 3.
• Rupert of Germany, who was also the Count Palatine of the Rhine, died on May 18. He was an important ruler in Germany.
• King Martin I of Aragon died on May 31. His death led to a crisis about who would rule Aragon next.
• On July 15, during the Battle of Grunwald, two important figures of the Teutonic Knights were killed:
  • Ulrich von Jungingen, who was the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. He led their forces in the battle.
  • Friedrich von Wallenrode, a commander (komtur) from Ryna.
• Isabella of Valois, who was once the Queen of England, died on September 13.
• Some other notable people whose exact death dates are not known include:
  • Beatrice, who was a Queen of Portugal during a time of crisis and also Queen-consort of John I of Castile.
  • John Badby, an English martyr.
  • Louis II, Duke of Bourbon, a French duke.
  • John Gower, a famous English poet.