Defensin facts for kids
A defensin is a small, positively charged protein found in animals and plants. These special proteins are part of your body's defense system. They help fight against tiny invaders like bacteria, fungi, and many viruses that can make you sick.
Defensins are made of 18 to 45 building blocks called amino acids. They also have six to eight special parts called cysteine residues. Cells in your immune system use these peptides to help kill bacteria they have captured. These cells include neutrophils and almost all epithelial cells, which line surfaces in your body.
Most defensins work by attaching to the outer layer of tiny germs, called the microbial cell membrane. Once they are there, they create tiny holes in this membrane. These holes allow important tiny particles, like ions, and food, called nutrients, to leak out. This process helps to destroy the invading germs.
How Defensins Protect You
Defensins are like tiny soldiers in your body. They are a key part of your innate immune system, which is the defense system you are born with. This system provides a quick, general response to harmful invaders.
When germs try to enter your body, defensins are often among the first defenders to act. They can be found in many places, like your skin, lungs, and gut. This means they are ready to protect you right where germs might try to get in.
Different Types of Defensins
Scientists have found many different types of defensins. They are grouped into different families, like alpha-defensins and beta-defensins. Each type might work slightly differently or protect against specific kinds of germs. For example, some defensins are very good at fighting bacteria, while others are better at stopping viruses.
These tiny proteins are very important for keeping you healthy. Without them, your body would have a much harder time fighting off common infections.
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