Dmytro Doroshenko facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Dmytro Doroshenko
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Дмитро Дорошенко
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Doroshenko in 1936
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| Krai Commissar of Galicia and Bukovina General Government | |
| In office 22 April 1917 – 2 August 1917 |
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| Preceded by | Fyodor Trepov (as Governor General) |
| Succeeded by | position abolished |
| Governor of Chernihiv Governorate | |
| In office August 1917 – January 1918 |
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| Preceded by | Mykola Kulyabko-Koretskyi |
| Succeeded by | Chernihiv Revkom |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine | |
| In office 20 May 1918 – 24 October 1918 |
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| President | Mykhailo Hrushevsky |
| Prime Minister | Fedir Lyzohub |
| Preceded by | Mykola Vasylenko |
| Succeeded by | Georgiy Afanasyev |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 April 1882 Vilna, Russian Empire |
| Died | 19 March 1951 (aged 68) Munich, West Germany |
| Nationality | Ukrainian |
| Political party | Socialist Federalists |
| Signature |  |
Dmytro Ivanovych Doroshenko (Ukrainian: Дмитро Іванович Дорошенко; born April 8, 1882 – died March 19, 1951) was an important Ukrainian politician during the 1917–1918 revolution. He was also a leading Ukrainian historian who lived outside Ukraine between the two World Wars. Doroshenko believed Ukraine should have close ties with the Russian Republic. He was part of the Ukrainian Party of Socialist Federalists.
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Becoming a Politician
Dmytro Doroshenko was born into an old Ukrainian Cossack noble family. This family had given Ukraine two important leaders, called Hetmans, in the 1600s.
He studied history at universities in Warsaw, Saint Petersburg, and Kyiv. In the early 1900s, he was very active in the Ukrainian national movement. This movement worked to promote Ukrainian culture and rights.
Doroshenko wrote articles about history and literature for Ukrainian magazines. He also edited a political magazine called Ukrainskii vestnik. This magazine shared the ideas of the Ukrainian Club in the Russian State Duma (a type of parliament) in 1906. Later, he joined the Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv. He also worked with the Prosvita educational society in Yekaterinoslav.
When World War I started in 1914, Doroshenko helped with relief efforts. He worked with the Union of Cities to provide aid in parts of Galicia and Bukovyna controlled by Russia.
Key Roles in the Revolution
During the revolution of 1917–1918, Doroshenko held several important jobs. He worked for the Ukrainian Central Rada. This group quickly became like a national parliament for Ukraine. He helped to build the independent Ukrainian People's Republic.
However, the Central Rada became more and more socialist. Doroshenko did not agree with this direction. So, he supported a change in government led by General Pavlo Skoropadskyi. This change was also supported by German military forces.
After this change, a new government called the Hetmanate was formed. Doroshenko was named the Foreign Minister. He strongly supported Ukrainian national ideas within this new government. Many "White" Russian groups also joined this government.
Doroshenko had a tough job trying to balance different influences. These included pro-Russian, pro-German, and pro-Ukrainian ideas in the Hetmanate's foreign policy. This task proved too difficult, and Doroshenko eventually resigned. This happened shortly before the conservative government collapsed.
Life After Ukraine
In 1919, Dmytro Doroshenko left Ukraine and went into exile. He eventually settled in Prague, a city in Czechoslovakia. The Czechoslovak government offered a safe place for Ukrainian and Russian people who had left their home countries, especially scholars.
During the years between World War I and World War II, Doroshenko was a history professor. He taught at the Ukrainian Free University in Prague. He also became the Director of the Ukrainian Scientific Institute in Berlin. Later, he was a professor of Church History at the University of Warsaw.
In 1937 and 1938, he visited Canada for two very successful lecture tours. At that time, Canada had many Ukrainian immigrants. In 1939, he returned to Prague. He continued his historical work at the Ukrainian Free University there.
In 1945, Doroshenko moved to western Germany. He became the first president of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences. In 1947, he moved to Canada again. He taught history and literature at Saint Andrew's College in Winnipeg. There, he helped start a branch of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences. He worked with Leonid Biletsky, a literary historian, and Jaroslav Rudnyckyj, a language expert.
However, he became ill in Winnipeg. In 1950, he returned to Europe. He passed away in Munich in early 1951.
A Historian's View
As a historian, Doroshenko was part of the conservative "Derzhavnyk" or "statist" way of thinking about Ukrainian history. This means he focused on the idea of a strong Ukrainian state.
He agreed with the famous Ukrainian historian, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, on some points. Hrushevsky believed Ukrainian history showed a continuous story from Kyivan Rus' to modern times. He also said that modern Ukraine inherited the history of Kyivan Rus'. Doroshenko agreed with this idea.
However, Doroshenko disagreed with Hrushevsky on other things. Hrushevsky focused on the role of ordinary people in history. Doroshenko, instead, emphasized the importance of the educated political leaders.
Doroshenko especially admired the old Cossack officer class. This group later became the Ukrainian gentry (a type of noble class). In his history books, he wrote a lot about how these leaders worked for Ukraine's independence and self-rule.
Important Books
Dmytro Doroshenko wrote many important books and articles. Some of his major works include:
- A two-volume book called Survey of Ukrainian History.
- A book called Survey of Ukrainian Historiography, which is about how Ukrainian history has been written.
- Biographies of several key figures from the Ukrainian national awakening in the 1800s.
- A book about how Germans have described Ukraine throughout history.
- Works about the revolutionary period and the Hetman state of 1918.
- A major book about his relative, Petro Doroshenko, who was a Cossack Hetman in the 1600s.
- Small books on church history.
- Two volumes of his own memories, covering the years from 1900 to 1919.
His personal list of writings includes almost 1000 titles!
