List of monarchs of Brazil facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Monarchy of Brazil |
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Imperial
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| Style | His/Her Most Faithful Majesty His/Her Imperial Majesty |
| First monarch | Maria I (as queen) |
| Last monarch | Pedro II (as emperor) |
| Formation | 16 December 1815 |
| Abolition | 15 November 1889 |
| Pretender(s) | Disputed: Prince Bertrand (Vassouras Branch) Pedro Carlos Orléans-Braganza (Petrópolis Branch) |
The monarchs of Brazil were the rulers of the country from 1815 to 1889. These rulers were part of the House of Braganza royal family. They were the official leaders of Brazil.
Brazil became a kingdom in 1815. Before that, it was a colony of Portugal. On December 16, 1815, Prince Regent John made Brazil a kingdom. This meant his mother, Maria I, became the first monarch of Brazil.
In 1822, Brazil became independent from Portugal. Pedro I, who was John VI's son, became the first emperor. He ruled until 1831. His son, Pedro II, then became emperor. He was the last monarch of Brazil. In 1889, a military coup ended the monarchy, and Brazil became a republic.
Brazil's Royal Titles
The titles used by Brazil's monarchs changed over time.
When Brazil was part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1822), the monarch's title was very long. It included being King or Queen of Portugal, Brazil, and other territories.
After Brazil became an independent country (1822–1889), the title changed. The monarch was called the "Constitutional Emperor/Empress and Perpetual Defender of Brazil." This showed they were the leader of an independent nation.
For a short time, between 1825 and 1826, King John VI of Portugal was also given the special title of Emperor of Brazil. This happened after Portugal officially recognized Brazil's independence. However, his son, Pedro I, was the actual ruling emperor of Brazil at that time.
Kingdom of Brazil (1815–1822)
The House of Braganza royal family continued to rule Brazil. On December 16, 1815, Prince Regent John made Brazil a kingdom. This meant his mother, Maria I, became the first monarch of Brazil. She was the reigning Queen.
The next year, on March 20, 1816, John became king after his mother passed away. He ruled the united kingdoms of Portugal and Brazil.
| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
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Maria I
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17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816 (aged 81) | 16 December 1815 | 20 March 1816 | Daughter of Joseph I of Portugal | Braganza |
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John VI
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13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826 (aged 58) | 20 March 1816 | 7 September 1822 | Son of Maria I of Portugal and Brazil | Braganza |
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Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)
The House of Braganza continued to rule Brazil after it became independent. Pedro I, who was the son of John VI, became the first Emperor of Brazil. He was officially recognized as emperor on October 12, 1822.
Pedro I was later succeeded by his son, Pedro II, on April 7, 1831. Pedro II was the last monarch of Brazil. He ruled for 49 years as emperor. If you include the time when others ruled for him because he was too young (called a regency period), his reign lasted 58 years.
| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
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Pedro I
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12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834 (aged 35) | 12 October 1822 | 7 April 1831 | Son of John VI of Portugal | Braganza.svg) |
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Pedro II
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2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891 (aged 66) | 7 April 1831 | 15 November 1889 | Son of Pedro I of Brazil | Braganza.svg) |
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See also
In Spanish: Anexo:Monarcas de Brasil para niños
- History of Brazil
- History of Portugal
- List of governors-general of Brazil
- List of Brazilian consorts
- List of presidents of Brazil
- List of Portuguese monarchs
