List of monarchs of Brazil facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Monarchy of Brazil
Imperial
Imperial Coat of arms
Pedro II
Details
Style	His/Her Most Faithful Majesty His/Her Imperial Majesty
First monarch	Maria I (as queen)
Last monarch	Pedro II (as emperor)
Formation	16 December 1815
Abolition	15 November 1889
Pretender(s)	Disputed: Prince Pedro Carlos (Petrópolis Branch) Prince Luís (Vassouras Branch)

The monarchs of Brazil (Portuguese: monarcas do Brasil) were the imperial heads of state and hereditary rulers of Brazil from the House of Braganza that reigned from the creation of the Brazilian monarchy in 1815 as a constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves until the republican coup d'état that overthrew the Empire of Brazil in 1889.

The coast of the territory which would become known as Brazil was discovered by Portuguese navigators on 22 April 1500 and this territory was subsequently colonized by the Portuguese crown. Since the transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1808, the colonial rule had de facto ended. On 16 December 1815, Prince Regent John, the future king John VI raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom, thus making his mother, Maria I, the reigning queen, the first monarch of Brazil. The next year, 20 March 1816, John succeeded his mother as king of the united Luso-Brazilian monarchy. Having proclaimed independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from Portugal in 1822, Pedro I, son of John VI, was acclaimed the first emperor of Brazil on 12 October 1822. He was later succeeded on 7 April 1831 by his son Pedro II, deposed along with the 74-years-old monarchy on 15 November 1889 in a bloodless and unpopular military coup d'état.

Title

From 16 December 1815 to 7 September 1822, while the Kingdom of Brazil was in union with the Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch's full title and styles were, according to tradition and the United Kingdom's 1822 Constitution: By the Grace of God, King/Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.

From 12 October 1822 to 15 November 1889, as the independent Empire of Brazil, the country's monarch's full title were: By Grace of God and Unanimous Acclamation of the People, Constitutional Emperor/Empress and Perpetual Defender of Brazil.

It's worth noting that from a short period of time, between 15 November 1825 and 10 March 1826, according to the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, by which Portugal recognized Brazilian independence, it was granted to King John VI the courtesy title of Emperor of Brazil, while his son was the actual reigning emperor. From the treaty's date to his death John VI used the title: By the Grace of God, John VI, Emperor of Brazil, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.

Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)

Brazil was discovered by Portuguese navigators on April 22, 1500 and becomes a colony of Portugal.

House of Avis (1500–1581)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Manuel I The Fortunate; The Grocer King/The Spices King (Le Roi-Épicier)	31 May 1469 – 13 December 1521 (aged 52)	25 October 1495	13 December 1521	Cousin of John II Grandson of Edward I	Aviz
John III The Pious; The Colonizer Portuguese: João III	7 June 1502 – 11 June 1557 (aged 55)	13 December 1521	11 June 1557	Son of Manuel I	Aviz
Sebastian I The Desired; The Asleep; The Sleeper; The Sleeping Hero; The Sleeping King; The Virgin King; The Hidden; The Crusader Portuguese: Sebastião I	20 January 1554 – 4 August 1578 (aged 24)	11 June 1557	4 August 1578	Grandson of John III	Aviz
Henry I The Chaste; The Cardinal; The Cardinal-King Portuguese: Henrique I	31 January 1512 – 31 January 1580 (aged 68)	4 August 1578	31 January 1580	Son of Manuel I Brother of John III Great-uncle of Sebastian	Aviz
Anthony I The Prior of Crato; The Determined; The Fighter; The Resistant; The Independentist Portuguese: António I	1531 – 28 August 1595 (aged 64)	(Disputed) 24 July 1580	(Disputed) 1583	Grandson of Manuel I Nephew of Henry I	Aviz

House of Habsburg (1581–1640)

The House of Habsburg, known as the Philippine Dynasty, is the house that ruled Portugal from 1581 to 1640. The dynasty began with the acclamation of Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1580, officially recognized in 1581 by the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar. Philip I swore to rule Portugal as a kingdom separate from his Spanish domains, under the personal union known as the Iberian Union.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Philip I The Prudent Portuguese: Filipe I	21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598 (aged 71)	17 April 1581	13 September 1598	Grandson of Manuel I Nephew of Henry I	Habsburg
Philip II The Pious Portuguese: Filipe II	14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621 (aged 42)	13 September 1598	31 March 1621	Son of Philip I	Habsburg
Philip III The Great; The Tyrant; The Oppressor Portuguese: Filipe III	8 April 1605 – 17 September 1665 (aged 60)	31 March 1621	1 December 1640	Son of Philip II	Habsburg

House of Braganza (1640–1910)

The House of Braganza, also known as the Brigantine Dynasty, came to power in 1640, when John II, Duke of Braganza, claimed to be the rightful heir of the defunct House of Aviz, as he was the great great grandson of King Manuel I. John was proclaimed King John IV, and he deposed the House of Habsburg in the Portuguese Restoration War.

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
John IV The Restorer; The Fortunate; The Musician King Portuguese: João IV	19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656 (aged 53)	1 December 1640	6 November 1656	Great-great-grandson of Manuel I	Braganza
Afonso VI The Victorious	21 August 1643 – 12 September 1683 (aged 40)	6 November 1656	12 September 1683	Son of John IV	Braganza
Peter II The Pacific Portuguese: Pedro II	26 April 1648 – 9 December 1706 (aged 58)	6 November 1683	9 December 1706	Son of John IV Brother of Afonso VI	Braganza
John V The Magnanimous; The Magnificent; The Generous; The Most Faithful King; The Nuns' Lover; The Portuguese Sun-King Portuguese: João V	22 October 1689 – 31 July 1750 (aged 60)	9 December 1706	31 July 1750	Son of Peter II	Braganza
Joseph I The Reformer Portuguese: José I	6 June 1714 – 24 February 1777 (age 62)	31 July 1750	24 February 1777	Son of John V	Braganza
Mary I The Pious; The Mad Portuguese: Maria I	(1734-12-17)17 December 1734 – 20 March 1816(1816-03-20) (aged 81)	24 February 1777	20 March 1816	Daughter of Joseph I	Braganza

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1822)

On 16 December 1815, the Prince Regent John, the future king John VI raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom, thus making his mother, Maria I, the reigning queen, the first monarch of Brazil. The next year, 20 March 1816, John succeeded his mother as king of the united Luso-Brazilian monarchy.

House of Braganza (1815–1822)

Portrait	Name	Monarch from	Monarch until	Relationship with predecessor(s)
	Maria I	16 December 1815	20 March 1816	• Daughter of Joseph I of Portugal
	John VI	20 March 1816	7 September 1822	• Son of Maria I of Portugal and Brazil

Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)

Having proclaimed independence of the Kingdom of Brazil from Portugal in 1822, Pedro I, son of John VI, was acclaimed the first emperor of Brazil on 12 October 1822. He was later succeeded on 7 April 1831 by his son Pedro II, deposed along with the 74-years-old monarchy on 15 November 1889 in a bloodless and unpopular military coup d'état.

House of Braganza (1822–1889)

Portrait	Name	Monarch from	Monarch until	Relationship with predecessor(s)
	Pedro I	12 October 1822	7 April 1831	• Grandson of Maria I of Portugal  • Son of John VI of Portugal
	Pedro II	7 April 1831	15 November 1889	• Great-grandson of Maria I of Portugal  • Grandson of John VI of Portugal  • Son of Pedro I of Brazil

See also

In Spanish: Anexo:Monarcas de Brasil para niños