Fort Defiance (Illinois) facts for kids
Fort Defiance is a historic spot in Cairo, Illinois, where the mighty Ohio River and Mississippi River meet. During the American Civil War, it was known as Camp Defiance. This area has always been important because of its location. Even long ago, people knew it was a great place for defense, with signs of ancient battles from the Mississippian culture.
Today, Fort Defiance is the southernmost park in Illinois. It's also the lowest point in the state, sitting at about 279 feet (85 meters) above sea level. The city of Cairo used to take care of the park. But since July 31, 2014, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources has been in charge. They want to make it a state park again. It's also connected to the nearby Horseshoe Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area.
Contents
Why Was Fort Defiance Important?
Fort Defiance was super important during the American Civil War (1861-1865). It was a key military base for the Union Army. Because it was located right where the Ohio and Mississippi rivers joined, it controlled who could travel on these major waterways.
Controlling the Rivers
The Union Army used Fort Defiance to block the Confederate forces from moving supplies and troops on the rivers. This helped the Union gain control of the western theater of the war. It was a smart move that gave them a big advantage.
General Grant's Headquarters
Famous Union General Ulysses S. Grant even made Fort Defiance his headquarters for a while. From here, he planned important campaigns, like the attacks on Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. These victories were crucial early in the war.
History of the Area
Long before the Civil War, people knew this spot was special. Native American groups lived here and used the rivers for travel and trade.
Early European Visitors
One of the first Europeans to explore this area was a Frenchman named Pierre Laclède. He traveled up the Mississippi River and landed at the southern tip of what we now call Illinois. His visit was part of the early exploration of North America.
Images for kids
-
Entrance
-
Roadside of the Park
-
Tower at the park
-
Lifestation on riverside
-
Overlooking Fort Defiance from the bridge
-
Riverside, looking at the confluence of the Ohio and the Mississippi
