George Middleton (activist) facts for kids
George Middleton (born 1735, died 1815) was an important African American leader. He fought in the American Revolution, was a Freemason, and worked hard for civil rights in Massachusetts. He helped make life better for African Americans in his community.
George Middleton's Role in the Revolutionary War
George Middleton was one of about 5,000 African Americans who fought for the Patriots in the American Revolution. He was a colonel and led a special group called the Bucks of America. This unit was based in Boston and was made up entirely of Black soldiers.
The Bucks of America were one of only two all-Black Patriot units during the war. After the war ended, Governor John Hancock honored Colonel Middleton and his company. He gave them a special flag to celebrate their brave service. This historic flag is still kept safe today by the Massachusetts Historical Society.
Life After the War: A Community Leader
After the Revolutionary War, many African Americans started to build their own community. This happened on the North Slope of Beacon Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. George Middleton was one of the first people to settle there. He bought land on Pinckney Street and built a home with a friend.
Middleton was a talented person. He played the violin, worked as a horse trainer, and was a coachman. He became well-known for his skills and always spoke up for the rights of African Americans.
Fighting for Civil Rights
In 1796, Middleton started the African Benevolent Society. This group helped people by giving them money and finding jobs. It especially supported widows and children who needed help.
In 1808, he worked with his fellow Freemason, Prince Hall, to publish a strong statement against slavery. They wrote, "Freedom is desirable, if not, would men sacrifice their time, their property and finally their lives in the pursuit of this?" This powerful message showed how the fight for American freedom was similar to the desire for freedom among Black Americans.
Middleton was recognized for his important work and leadership. In 1809, he was made the Grand Master of the African Masonic Lodge. He got married in 1781, but he did not have any children when he passed away in 1815.
Today, George Middleton's former home at 5 Pinckney Street is part of the Boston Black Heritage Trail. This trail helps people learn about the history of African Americans in Boston.
