James Thomson (poet, born 1834) Facts for Kids

For the 18th-century poet of the same name, see James Thomson (poet, born 1700). For the weaver poet of the same name, see James Thomson (weaver poet). For other people with the same name, see James Thomson.

Quick facts for kids

Born	(1834-11-23)23 November 1834 Port Glasgow, Scotland
Died	3 June 1882(1882-06-03) (aged 47) London, England
Pen name	Bysshe Vanolis
Education	Royal Military Academy
Period	1863–1882
Notable works	The City of Dreadful Night
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James Thomson (23 November 1834 – 3 June 1882), who wrote under the pseudonym Bysshe Vanolis, was a Scottish Victorian era poet famous primarily for the long poem The City of Dreadful Night (1874), an expression of bleak pessimism in a dehumanized, uncaring urban environment. Thomson's pseudonym derives from the names of the poets Percy Bysshe Shelley and Novalis. He is often distinguished from the earlier Scottish poet James Thomson by the letters B.V. after his name.

Thomson's poems rarely appear in modern anthologies, although the autobiographical "Insomnia" and "Mater Tenebrarum" are well-regarded and contain some striking passages. He admired and translated the works of the pessimistic Italian poet Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1837), but his pessimism is considered to have been stronger than that of Leopardi. He is regarded as one of the bleakest Victorian poets, being described as "The Laureate of Pessimism" since 1882, the year of his death.

Life
Legacy
Selected publications
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See also

Life

Thomson was born in Port Glasgow, Scotland, and, at the age of eight (after his sister died and his father suffered a stroke), he was sent to London where he was raised in an orphanage, the Royal Caledonian Asylum on Chalk (later Caledonian after the asylum) Road near Holloway. Soon after this his mother died. He spoke with a London accent. He trained as an army schoolmaster at the Royal Military Asylum in Chelsea and served in Ireland, where in 1851, at the age of 17, he made the acquaintance of the 18-year-old Charles Bradlaugh, who was already notorious as a freethinker, having published his first atheist pamphlet a year earlier.

More than a decade later, Thomson left the military and moved to London, where he worked as a clerk. He remained in contact with Bradlaugh, who was by now issuing his own weekly National Reformer, a "publication for the working man". For the remaining 19 years of his life, starting in 1863, Thomson submitted stories, essays and poems to various publications, including the National Reformer, which published the sombre poem which remains his most famous work.

The City of Dreadful Night came about from the struggle with insomnia and chronic depression which plagued Thomson's final decade. Increasingly isolated from friends and society in general, he even became hostile towards Bradlaugh. In 1880, nineteen months before his death, the publication of his volume of poetry, The City of Dreadful Night and Other Poems elicited encouraging and complimentary reviews from a number of critics, but came too late to prevent Thomson's downward slide.

He died, in London, at the age of 47, from a broken blood vessel in his bowel.

Legacy

In 1889, seven years after Thomson's death, Henry Stephens Salt published a biography of Thomson, with a selection of writings, The Life of James Thomson ("B.V."). This was followed by a second biography, by Bertram Dobell, in 1910.

Selected publications

The Captive Chief: A Tale of Flodden Field and Other Poems (1871)
The City of Dreadful Night (1874)
The City of Dreadful Night and Other Poems (1880)
Vane's Story, Weddah and Om-el-Bonain, and Other Poems (1881)
Essays and Phantasies (1881)
Satires and Profanities (1884; with preface by George William Foote)
A Voice from the Nile, and Other Poems (1884; with memoir by Bertram Dobell)
Shelley, a Poem: With Other Writings Relating to Shelley, to Which Is Added An Essay on the Poems of William Blake (1884; with preface by Bertram Dobell)
Selections from Original Contributions by James Thomson to "Cope's Tobacco Plant." (1889; with preface by Walter Lewin)
Poems, Essays and Fragments (1892; edited, with preface, by J. M. Robertson)
The Poetical Works of James Thomson: The City of Dreadful Night, Vane's story, Weddah & Om-el-Bonain, Voice from the Nile & Poetical Remains, Vol. I / Vol. II (1895; edited, with memoir, by Bertram Dobell)
Biographical and Critical Studies (1896; with preface by Bertram Dobell)
Walt Whitman: The Man and the Poet (1910; with introduction by Bertram Dobell)