Mary Jane Patterson facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Mary Jane Patterson
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| Born | September 12, 1840 |
| Died | September 24, 1894 (aged 54) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Oberlin College (BA) |
| Occupation | |
Mary Jane Patterson was an amazing American teacher and school leader. She made history as the very first African-American woman to earn a college degree. She got her Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in 1862.
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Early Life and Education
Mary Jane Patterson was born on September 12, 1840. She was the oldest child of Henry Irving Patterson and Emeline Eliza Patterson. Her father worked as a bricklayer. In 1852, he gained his freedom.
After becoming free, her family moved north to Ohio. In 1856, they settled in Oberlin, Ohio. Oberlin was a special place because it had many Black families. Some were free, and others had escaped slavery.
Oberlin was also known for its college, Oberlin College. This college was unique because it allowed both Black and white students to study together. It also welcomed both boys and girls. Mary Jane's father worked as a skilled builder. For many years, her family welcomed and housed many Black students in their home.
A Trailblazing Teacher
Mary Jane Patterson was not only the first Black woman to earn a college degree. She also chose to study difficult subjects. At Oberlin, she took classes like Greek, Latin, and advanced math. These courses were usually only for male students.
After graduating, Patterson began her teaching career. She taught in Chillicothe, Ohio. In 1864, she applied for a teaching job in Norfolk, Virginia. She wanted to teach at a school for Black children.
Her former principal from Oberlin College wrote a strong letter for her. He said she was a "superior scholar" and a "genteel lady." He also mentioned she was a "faithful Christian" and a "good singer." He believed she was an excellent teacher.
Leading Schools
In 1865, Patterson became an assistant teacher. She worked with Fanny Jackson Coppin in Philadelphia. They taught at the Institute for Colored Youth. This school is now known as Cheyney University of Pennsylvania.
From 1869 to 1871, Patterson taught in Washington, D.C.. She worked at the Preparatory High School for Colored Youth. Today, this school is called Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.).
She made history again in 1871. Mary Jane Patterson became the school's first Black principal. She held this important role until 1872. Later, she served as assistant principal. She was reappointed as principal from 1873 to 1884.
During her time as principal, the school grew a lot. It went from fewer than 50 students to 172 students. The school also started holding graduation ceremonies. A new department was added to train future teachers. Patterson was known for her strong and lively personality. She helped set high academic standards for the school. She continued teaching at the High School until her death.
Life in Washington, D.C.
While living in Washington, D.C., Mary Jane shared a home with her sisters. Her sisters were Emma and Chanie. Her brother, John, also lived with them. Their home was at 1532 Fifteenth Street Northwest. In the late 1880s, her parents moved in with them. This was because her parents faced money problems. Neither Mary Jane nor her sisters ever got married.
Helping Her Community
Mary Jane Patterson was also a kind person who helped others. She was active in many community groups. She gave her time and money to Black organizations in Washington, D.C.
Her obituary, a notice after her death, said she helped support the Home for the Aged and Infirm Colored People. This home was for older and sick Black people. She also supported other similar groups. Patterson was a member of the Colored Woman's League of Washington D.C. This group worked to improve the lives of Black women. They focused on training kindergarten teachers and offering classes for homemaking.
Legacy
Mary Jane Patterson passed away at her home in Washington, D.C. She died on September 24, 1894, at the age of 54. She is remembered as a pioneer in Black education. She opened doors for many other Black women who wanted to become educators.
