Maximilien de Robespierre facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Maximilien de Robespierre
|
|
|---|---|
Robespierre c. 1790 (anonymous), Musée Carnavalet, Paris
|
|
| Member of the Committee of Public Safety | |
| In office 27 July 1793 – 28 July 1794 |
|
| Preceded by | Thomas-Augustin de Gasparin |
| Succeeded by | Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne |
| President of the National Convention | |
| In office 4 June 1794 – 17 June 1794 |
|
| In office 22 August 1793 – 5 September 1793 |
|
| Deputy of the National Convention | |
| In office 20 September 1792 – 27 July 1794 |
|
| Deputy of the National Constituent Assembly | |
| In office 9 July 1789 – 30 September 1791 |
|
| Deputy of the National Assembly | |
| In office 17 June 1789 – 9 July 1789 |
|
| Deputy to the Estates General for the Third Estate |
|
| In office 6 May 1789 – 16 June 1789 |
|
| Constituency | Artois |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre
6 May 1758 Arras, Artois, France |
| Died | 28 July 1794 (aged 36) Place de la Révolution, Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Political party | Jacobin Club (1789–1794) |
| Other political affiliations |
The Mountain (1792–1794) |
| Alma mater | Collège Louis-le-Grand University of Paris |
| Profession | Lawyer and politician |
| Signature |  |
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre; 6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) is one of the best-known leaders of the French Revolution. He was born in Arras, France and he went to school to become a lawyer and got his degree at law school. He also, got elected to the Estates General to help make laws for France and fought against the French Monarchy, the death penalty, slavery, for democratic reforms and the people to have more power. He helped gain a reputation for defending the poor society. Also he earned a nickname for sticking to his moral values. Later was elected president of the powerful Jacobin political faction.
Maximillian led the committee of public safety during 1793. Through it, he was able to execute the king. Even though Robespierre got thousands of people executed, Robespierre cared about the working class.
He executed King Louis XVI because he was convicted of treason (treason is the betrayal of ones own country). Under the advice of Robespierre the committee of public safety came to control France. The period that the Committee of Public Safety ruled France is known as “The Reign of Terror” and Maximilian Robespierre was their leader. Robespierre was caught and executed with 21 of his followers with a guillotine. The National Convention were the people who overthrew Maximilien Robespierre.
Early life
Maximilien de Robespierre was born in Arras in the old French province of Artois. His family has been traced back to the 12th century in Picardy; some of his ancestors in the male line worked as notaries in Carvin near Arras from the beginning of the 17th century. It has been suggested that he was of Irish descent, his surname possibly a corruption of "Robert Speirs".
Images for kids
-
Jacobin club in February 1791.
-
Terracotta bust of Robespierre by Deseine, 1791 (Musée de la Révolution française)
-
Courtyard of the house of Maurice Duplay, Robespierre's landlord. Robespierre's room was on the second floor, above the fountain. Other lodgers were his sister, brother and Georges Couthon
-
Portrait of Robespierre (1792) by Jean-Baptist Fouquet. By using a physiognotrace a "grand trait" was produced within a few minutes. This life-size drawing on pink paper was completed by Fouquet.
-
Maximilien Robespierre, physionotrace by Chrétien, the inventor. By adjusting the needles of a pantograph he achieved a reduction ratio. This device was connected to an engraving needle. Thus it enabled the production of multiple portrait copies.
-
Demonstration of 20 June 1792 at the Tuileries
-
Le Défenseur de la Constitution n° 6 (1792)
-
A sans-culotte with his pike
-
Imaginary meeting between Robespierre, Danton and Marat (illustrating Victor Hugo's novel Ninety-Three) by Alfred Loudet
-
Louis stands trial before the convention, as Robespierre watches from the first row. Engraving by Reinier Vinkeles
-
Journées des 31 Mai, 1er et 2 Juin 1793, an engraving of the Convention surrounded by National Guards, forcing the deputies to arrest the Girondins and to establish an armed force of 6,000 men. The insurrection was organized by the Paris Commune and supported by Montagnards.
-
The uprising of the Parisian sans-culottes from 31 May to 2 June 1793. The scene takes place in front of the Deputies Chamber in the Tuileries. The depiction shows Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles and Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud.
-
François Hanriot chef de la section des Sans-Culottes (Rue Mouffetard); drawing by Gabriel in the Carnavalet Museum
-
The Pavillon de Flore, the seat of the Committee of Public Safety and General Police Bureau. Also, Joachim Vilate lived there in an apartment. Drawing in brown ink (1814)
-
Triumvirate of : (L-R) Saint-Just, Robespierre, and Couthon
-
Print representing a fr:Comité de surveillance of the Parisian section of the year II, after Jean-Baptiste Huet. (National Library of France, Paris.)
-
Stage of the Festival of the Supreme Being constructed by Maurice Duplay.
-
The Festival of the Supreme Being, by Pierre-Antoine Demachy (1794)
-
The Committee of General Security was located in Hôtel de Brionne on the right; it gathered on the first floor. (The Tuileries Palace, which housed the convention, is on the left)
-
On 9 Thermidor Tallien threatened in the convention to use his dagger if the National Convention would not order the arrest of Robespierre.
-
Collot d'Herbois
-
The Fall of Robespierre in the convention on 27 July 1794
-
Saint-Just and Robespierre at the Hôtel de Ville on the night of 9 to 10 Thermidor Year II. Painting by Jean-Joseph Weerts
-
Prefecture of Police on the Quai des Orfèvres
-
Proclamation by the Commune, found in the pocket of Couthon. Couthon was invited by Robespierre, etc. for which they used official police writing paper.
-
The troops of Convention Nationale attack the Commune. Print by Pierre-Gabriel Berthault and Jean Duplessis-Bertaux (1804)
-
Apprehension of Robespierre ... who on being seized by a Gendarme fired a pistol into his mouth, but did not wound himself mortally.
-
Valery Jacobi's painting showing the wounded Robespierre
-
Closing of the Jacobin Club by Louis Legendre, in the early morning of 28 July 1794. Four days later it was reopened by him.
-
Robespierre on the day of his execution; Sketch by Jacques Louis David
-
The execution of Couthon; the body of Adrien Nicolas Gobeau, ex-substitute of the public prosecutor Fouquier and member of the Commune, the first who suffered, is shown lying on the ground; Robespierre {#10} is shown holding a handkerchief to his mouth. Hanriot {#9} is covering his eye, which came out of its socket when he was arrested.
-
Place Robespierre in Marseille with the inscription: "Lawyer, born in Arras in 1758, guillotined without trial on 27 July 1794. Nicknamed fr:L'Incorruptible. Defender of the people. Author of our republican motto: fr:Liberté, égalité, fraternité"
_%E2%80%93_Destailleur_Paris_tome_6,_1292_%E2%80%93_Gallica_2013_(adjusted).jpg)
