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National Register of Historic Places listings in Downtown and Downtown West St. Louis facts for kids

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St. Louis, Missouri, is a city full of history! Many of its old buildings and areas are so important that they are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This special list is kept by the United States government to help protect places that tell us about America's past.

This article will tell you about some of the amazing historic buildings and neighborhoods in Downtown St. Louis and Downtown West, St. Louis. These areas are found between Cole Street to the north, the Mississippi River to the east, Chouteau Avenue to the south, and Jefferson Avenue to the west. Tucker Avenue helps divide Downtown from Downtown West.

What are Historic Places?

When a building or an area is added to the National Register of Historic Places, it means it's recognized as important to the history of the United States. These places might be famous for their architecture, for events that happened there, or for people who lived or worked there.

There are a few different types of listings:

  • National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) listings are places important to local, state, or national history.
  • National Historic Landmarks (NHL) are extra special places that have outstanding national importance. Think of them as the "best of the best" historic sites.
  • Historic Districts (HD) are groups of buildings or an entire neighborhood that together tell a story about the past.

Famous Historic Landmarks

Some of the most well-known places in Downtown St. Louis are also National Historic Landmarks.

The Gateway Arch

The Gateway Arch is a super famous landmark that stands tall on the riverfront. It's a huge arch that represents the westward expansion of the United States. It was built to honor Thomas Jefferson and the pioneers who explored the West. The Arch is part of the Gateway Arch National Park, which is also a historic district.

Gateway Arch
The iconic Gateway Arch in St. Louis.

Eads Bridge

The Eads Bridge is an amazing bridge that crosses the Mississippi River. When it was finished in 1874, it was a huge achievement in engineering! It was the first bridge of its kind and showed how strong and innovative American engineers were.

Eads bridge pano
The historic Eads Bridge spanning the Mississippi River.

Union Station

St. Louis Union Station used to be one of the busiest train stations in the world. It was built in 1894 and has beautiful architecture. Today, it's no longer a train station, but it's been transformed into a hotel, restaurants, and attractions, keeping its historic charm.

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St. Louis Union Station, once a bustling train hub.

Wainwright Building

The Wainwright Building is a very important skyscraper. It was designed by famous architect Louis Sullivan and is considered one of the first skyscrapers ever built. It helped change how tall buildings were designed and constructed.

Wainwright building st louis USA
The Wainwright Building, an early skyscraper.

Christ Church Cathedral

Christ Church Cathedral is a beautiful church located on Locust Street. It's known for its stunning architecture and has been an important part of the St. Louis community for many years.

Christ Church Cathedral, Thirteenth & Locust Streets, Saint Louis (St. Louis City County, Missouri)
Christ Church Cathedral, a historic place of worship.

Eugene Field House

The Eugene Field House was the home of Roswell Field, a civil rights lawyer. It's a significant place that tells us about important legal history in St. Louis.

Eugene Field House, 634 South Broadway, Saint Louis (St. Louis City County, Missouri)
The Eugene Field House.

U.S. Customhouse and Post Office

The U.S. Customhouse and Post Office is an impressive building at 8th and Olive Streets. It served as a vital government building for many years, handling mail and customs.

MO-St. Louis courthouse 1884
The historic U.S. Customhouse and Post Office.

Historic Districts in Downtown St. Louis

Besides individual buildings, entire areas in St. Louis are recognized as historic districts. This means that many buildings within these areas contribute to their historical importance.

Cupples Warehouse District

The Cupples Warehouse District is a large area with many old warehouses. These buildings were once very important for storing and distributing goods when St. Louis was a major transportation hub.

Laclede's Landing

Laclede's Landing is a historic neighborhood right by the Mississippi River. It's one of the oldest parts of St. Louis and still has cobblestone streets and brick warehouses from the 1800s. It was a busy port area back in the day.

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Laclede's Landing, a historic riverfront district.

Lucas Avenue Industrial Historic District

The Lucas Avenue Industrial Historic District includes many industrial buildings and warehouses. These buildings show how St. Louis grew as a center for manufacturing and business.

Mansion House Center Historic District

The Mansion House Center Historic District is another important area that has been recognized for its historical significance.

Olive and Locust Historic Business District

The Olive and Locust Historic Business District covers a large area with many old business buildings. This district shows how important these streets were for shopping and commerce in the past.

Plaza Square Apartments Historic District

The Plaza Square Apartments Historic District includes several apartment buildings that are important examples of architecture from their time.

South Fourth Street Commercial District

The South Fourth Street Commercial District is another area recognized for its historical commercial buildings.

Washington Avenue Historic District

The Washington Avenue Historic District is a very well-known area. It was once a bustling center for shoe factories and dry goods companies. Many of the old factory buildings have now been turned into cool apartments and businesses.

St. Louis MO Ralph Moran
A view of the Washington Avenue Historic District.

Washington Avenue: East of Tucker District

This district is another part of the historic Washington Avenue area, specifically the section east of Tucker Boulevard. It also has many historic commercial buildings.

Other Notable Historic Buildings

Many other buildings in Downtown St. Louis are also on the National Register of Historic Places. Here are just a few examples:

  • The Advertising Building and Blackwell-Wielandy Building on Locust Street were important for businesses.
  • The American Theater and Ambassador Theater Building (which was later demolished) were places where people went for entertainment.
  • The Arcade Building and Paul Brown Building are examples of grand office buildings from the early 1900s.
  • The Campbell House Museum is a preserved historic home that shows what life was like in St. Louis long ago.
  • The Chemical Building and Frisco Building are other examples of impressive commercial architecture.
  • The Grand-Leader (Stix, Baer & Fuller Dry Goods Co.) Building was once a major department store where people shopped.
  • The Hotel Jefferson and Hotel Statler were grand hotels that hosted many visitors to the city.
  • The International Fur Exchange Building shows St. Louis's past as a center for the fur trade.
  • The J.C. Penney Co. Warehouse Building and Hamilton-Brown Shoe Factory are examples of industrial buildings.
  • The Kiel Opera House (now Peabody Opera House) is a beautiful venue for performances.
  • The Missouri Athletic Club Building is a grand building that served as a social and athletic club.
  • The St. Louis Post-Dispatch Building and St. Louis Post-Dispatch Printing Building were home to the city's major newspaper.
  • The Seven-Up Company Headquarters was where the famous soda company had its main offices.

Former Listings

Sometimes, a historic place might be removed from the National Register. This can happen if a building is destroyed or if its historical features are changed too much.

  • The Olive Street Terra Cotta District was once a historic area, but it was later removed from the list.
  • The USS INAUGURAL (a former Navy ship) was listed as a National Historic Landmark. However, it broke loose during a big flood in 1993 and sank downriver, so it was removed from the list.

These historic places help us remember the rich past of St. Louis and how the city has grown and changed over time. They are important parts of our shared history!

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National Register of Historic Places listings in Downtown and Downtown West St. Louis Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.