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The Lord Fowler
Official portrait of Lord Fowler crop 2.jpg
Official portrait, 2018
Lord Speaker of the House of Lords
In office
1 September 2016 – 30 April 2021
Monarch Elizabeth II
Deputy The Lord McFall of Alcluith
Preceded by The Baroness D'Souza
Succeeded by The Lord McFall of Alcluith
Chairman of the Conservative Party
In office
11 May 1992 – 15 July 1994
Leader John Major
Preceded by Chris Patten
Succeeded by Jeremy Hanley
Secretary of State for Employment
In office
13 June 1987 – 3 January 1990
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Preceded by The Lord Young of Graffham
Succeeded by Michael Howard
Secretary of State for Health and Social Services
In office
14 September 1981 – 13 June 1987
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Preceded by Patrick Jenkin
Succeeded by John Moore
Secretary of State for Transport
In office
4 May 1979 – 14 September 1981
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Preceded by Bill Rodgers
Succeeded by David Howell
Personal details
Born
Peter Norman Fowler

(1938-02-02) 2 February 1938 (age 86)
Chelmsford, Essex, UK
Political party Non-affiliated
Other political
affiliations
Conservative (until 2016)
Speaker (2016–2021)
Spouse
Fiona Poole
(m. 1979)
Children 2
Alma mater Trinity Hall, Cambridge

Peter Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler, PC (born 2 February 1938) is a British politician who served as a member of both Margaret Thatcher and John Major's ministries during the 1980s and 1990s. He held the office of Lord Speaker from 1 September 2016 to 30 April 2021.

After serving as Shadow Minister of Transport, Fowler was appointed Minister of Transport in 1979, being responsible for making seat belts compulsory. Later, as Secretary of State for Health and Social Services, he drew public attention to the dangers of AIDS. He resigned from the cabinet as Employment Secretary, and was knighted in 1990.

Fowler was Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1992 to 1994, Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Transport and the Regions from 1997 to 1998, and Shadow Home Secretary from 1998 to 1999. In 2001, he was created a Conservative life peer. He renounced party political allegiance upon taking office as Lord Speaker. On 25 February 2021, he announced that in April he would be stepping down as Lord Speaker to focus on campaigning work, particularly in relation to AIDS.

Early life

The son of Norman Frederick Fowler and Katherine (née Baker), he was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford, Essex; after which he did National Service as a second lieutenant in the Essex Regiment. Whilst studying at Trinity Hall, Cambridge (BA Economics & Law 1961), he was Chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association in Michaelmas 1960, in which term he entertained both the Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and Home Secretary Rab Butler. He then became a journalist, and worked on The Times.

Member of Parliament

Fowler, who had aspired to become an MP since childhood, was elected for Nottingham South in 1970; after the seat was abolished, he switched to Sutton Coldfield at the February 1974 election.

In opposition

During the mid-1970s, Fowler was Shadow Minister of Transport. In April 1976, he was photographed outside the Palace of Westminster having just taken delivery of his third four-cylinder MG MGB GT – he had reportedly rejected the idea of buying a V8 version on account of the cost.

In government

Upon Margaret Thatcher becoming Prime Minister in 1979, she did not immediately appoint Fowler to her Cabinet, explaining: "we were short of one place. As a result, Norman Fowler, as Minister of State at Transport, was not able to be an official member of the Cabinet, although he attended all our meetings."

As Secretary of State for Transport, Fowler drove through Lord Nugent's 1981 bill to make seat belts compulsory, a law that came into force in 1983.

As Secretary of State for Health and Social Security in 1986, Fowler implemented the first official drive to educate the British public to the dangers of AIDS. Under his tenure, awareness about how the disease was spread was transmitted through posters, newspaper advertisements, and television campaigns. During this time, Thatcher told Fowler that she felt he had become known as the "minister for Aids", and she disapproved of this. The following year, she moved him to the role of Secretary of State for Employment.

Backbenches, retirement and Shadow Cabinet

Fowler later resigned from the Cabinet as Employment Secretary in January 1990; he later claimed that he was the first politician to cite "to spend more time with my [his] family" as his reason for leaving office, a phrase that has been reused by many others as a reason for a resignation and is often treated as a euphemism.

Following his resignation from the frontbench, Fowler was knighted in 1990.

Fowler then returned twice to front-line politics, first as Chairman of the Conservative Party (as a backbencher in Parliament) from 1992 to 1994, during which time he oversaw the parliamentary boundary changes of the early 1990s; then on the Conservative front bench as Shadow Secretary of State for Environment, Transport and the Regions (1997–98) and finally as Shadow Home Secretary (1998–99).

In 2001, Fowler stepped down as a Member of Parliament.

House of Lords

The Lord Speaker, Lord Fowler (51111276104)
Fowler speaking from the Woolsack in 2021. His deputy and successor, Lord McFall of Alcluith, sits on the steps of the throne behind him.

After standing down from the House of Commons, he entered the House of Lords, sitting on the Conservative benches as Baron Fowler, of Sutton Coldfield, in the County of West Midlands. He had first been offered a peerage in 1989.

In 2003, Lord Fowler proposed that the European Union should appoint a high-level coordinator with ambassadorial rank to deal with the AIDS epidemic.

In 2006, he chaired a House of Lords select committee which criticised the use of the television licence fee, which is used to fund the BBC.

He was elected as Lord Speaker in 2016. He is the third person and first man to hold the office since it was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Fowler has stated that he favours reducing the House of Lords to 600 members.

On 19 March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic he announced that he would be withdrawing from Westminster and remote working, with deputy speakers taking over his role in the House of Lords, but he returned in July to continue his role.

On 25 February 2021, Fowler announced that he would be stepping down ahead of the introduction of a series of structural and organisational changes and announced that it would be best if those changes were "seen through by the team who will be implementing them". He also stated his desire to stand down in order to "speak his mind" as an independent member of the House of Lords on issues he has campaigned for, in particular LGBT rights in the United Kingdom and HIV and AIDS. In March 2021, Fowler backed calls for the UK's first ever national AIDS memorial, with the aim of fighting stigma and discrimination against those with HIV and AIDS.

Private sector

Lord Fowler has served on the board of directors of several companies and is non-executive chairman of Aggregate Industries plc. He is a member of the National Union of Journalists.

Personal life

After a previous marriage ended in divorce, Fowler married Fiona Poole, a library clerk at the House of Commons, in 1979. They had two daughters, and Fowler became a stepfather to his wife's son from her prior marriage.

As of 2023, Fowler lives in Fulham, London.

See also

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