Organic light-emitting diode facts for kids
Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a type of light-emitting diode (LED). The part of the OLED that creates light is made of a very thin layer of organic compounds. One of the uses of OLED technology is for thin display panels used in notebooks. Because of the way they are made, OLEDs can be used to make displays that can bend. These can be used in many different ways. For example, they can be used in clothing.
Advantages and disadvantages
In some ways, OLEDs are better for display devices than LCDs. There are also ways LCDs are better. OLEDs can make more colors and levels of brightness than LEDs. Unlike LCDs their colors do not change when viewed at an angle. They are also much cheaper to make. Most LCDs have to have an LED or Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light(CCFL) used as a backlight to be visible. LCDs also need to use filters to work properly. These filters block much of the light created by the LED/CCFL. Because of backlighting and filtering, OLEDs use far less power than LCDs for the amount of light made (Verify this). OLEDs also react faster to changes in electricity. They turn on and off much faster than LCDs.
LEDs will last longer than OLEDs. This is the biggest problem with OLEDs. Currently most OLEDs used in displays will work for about 5,000 hours of use. LEDs normally work for 60,000 hours. This may change as experiments in 2007 created a type of OLED that worked for 198,000 hours. The organic compounds that make up OLEDs are also more easily damaged by water.
OLED technology is currently patented by the Eastman Kodak company and several other companies. Because of this, a company must pay to be allowed to use it in their product.
How they work
There are several parts to an OLED:
- Substrate: the material the layers of the OLED are put on
- Emissive layer: the layer where light is made
- Conductive layer
- Anode
- Cathode
The emissive and conductive layers are made of special organic molecules that conduct electricity. The anode and cathode connect the OLED to the source of electricity.
When electricity is applied to an OLED, the emissive layer becomes negatively charged and the conductive layer becomes positively charged. Electrostatic forces cause electrons to move from the positive conductive layer toward the negative emissive layer. This causes a change in the electrical levels and makes radiation that has a frequency in the range of visible light.
OLED, as with all diodes, can only work if electricity flows through them in the correct direction. The Anode, connected to the emmisive layer must be at a higher electrical potential (more volts, more positive) than the cathode, connected to the conductive layer, for the OLED to work.
Images for kids
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a) Bottom-emitting and b) top-emitting OLED structures; c,d) Schematic diagrams based on bottom-emitting and top-emitting OLEDs with low and high contrast ratio, respectively.
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Sony's Super Top Emission OLED technology enhances the color purity of emitted lights
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Light-emitting polymer (LEP) display showing partial failure
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An old OLED display showing wear
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A 3.8 cm (1.5 in) OLED display from a Creative ZEN V media player
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OLED lighting in a shopping mall in Aachen, Germany
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Samsung AMOLED displays
See also
In Spanish: Diodo orgánico de emisión de luz para niños
