Ovenbird (family) facts for kids
Quick facts for kids Ovenbirds |
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| Scaly-throated foliage-gleaner (Anabacerthia variegaticeps) | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Infraorder: | Tyrannides |
| Family: | Furnariidae Gray, 1840 |
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Ovenbirds or furnariids are a large family of small suboscine passerine birds found from Mexico and Central to southern South America. They form the family Furnariidae. The ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), which breeds in North America, is not a furnariid – rather it is a distantly related bird of the wood warbler family, Parulidae.
The ovenbirds are a diverse group of insectivores which get their name from the elaborate, vaguely "oven-like" clay nests built by the horneros, although most other ovenbirds build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The Spanish word for "oven" (horno) gives the horneros their name. Furnariid nests are always constructed with a cover, and up to six pale blue, greenish or white eggs are laid. The eggs hatch after 15 to 22 days, and the young fledge after a further 13 to 20 days.
They are small to medium-sized birds, ranging from 9 to 35 cm in length. While individual species often are habitat specialists, species of this family can be found in virtually any Neotropical habitat, ranging from city parks inhabited by rufous horneros, to tropical Amazonian lowlands by many species of foliage-gleaners, to temperate barren Andean highlands inhabited by several species of miners. Two species, the seaside and the surf cinclodes, are associated with rocky coasts.
Taxonomy and systematics
Recently, the woodcreepers (formerly Dendrocolaptidae) were merged into this family, following analysis of sequences. While confirming the overall phylogenetic pattern, other scientists instead opted for maintaining the woodcreepers as a separate family, while splitting the ovenbirds (as traditionally defined) into two families, Furnariidae and Scleruridae.
The systematics of the Dendrocolaptinae were reviewed by Raikow (1994) based on morphology and by Irestedt et al. (2004) based on analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Using the latter approach, the suspected major lineages of the Furnariinae (foliage-gleaners, spinetails, and true ovenbirds) were confirmed, but some new lineages were discovered and the relationships of several genera had to be revised.
The taxonomic arrangement presented below is based on recent studies of ovenbird relationships. However, because ovenbirds and woodcreepers are treated here as a single family some taxonomic ranks were modified. For more detail see "List of ovenbird species".
Subfamily: Sclerurinae – miners and leaftossers
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- Genus Geositta – miners (11 species)
- Genus Sclerurus – leaftossers (7 species)
Subfamily: Dendrocolaptinae – woodcreepers
- Tribe: Sittasomini – "intermediate" woodcreepers
- Genus Dendrocincla – woodcreepers (6 species)
- Genus Deconychura – long-tailed woodcreeper
- Genus Sittasomus – olivaceous woodcreeper
- Genus Certhiasomus – spot-throated woodcreeper (recently described for Deconychura stictolaema)
- Tribe: Dendrocolaptini – "strong-billed" woodcreepers
- Genus Glyphorynchus – wedge-billed woodcreeper
- Genus Nasica – long-billed woodcreeper
- Genus Dendrexetastes – cinnamon-throated woodcreeper
- Genus Dendrocolaptes – woodcreepers (5 species)
- Genus Hylexetastes – woodcreepers (2–4 species)
- Genus Xiphocolaptes – woodcreepers (4 species)
- Genus Dendroplex – straight-billed woodcreepers (2 species, formerly in Xiphorhynchus)
- Genus Xiphorhynchus – woodcreepers (some 12 species, possibly polyphyletic)
- Genus Lepidocolaptes – narrow-billed woodcreepers (12 species)
- Genus Drymornis – scimitar-billed woodcreeper
- Genus Drymotoxeres – greater scythebill
- Genus Campylorhamphus – scythebills (4 species)
Subfamily: Furnariinae – Neotropical ovenbirds and allies
- Genus: Xenops – xenops (3 species)
- Genus Berlepschia – point-tailed palmcreeper
- Tribe Pygarrhichini
- Genus Pygarrhichas – white-throated treerunner
- Genus Microxenops – rufous-tailed xenops
- Genus Ochetorhynchus – earthcreepers (2 species formerly included in Upucerthia)
- Tribe Furnariini – horneros and allies
- Genus Pseudocolaptes – tuftedcheeks (2 species)
- Genus Premnornis – rusty-winged barbtail
- Genus Tarphonomus – (new genus for 2 species formerly included in Upucerthia)
- Genus Geocerthia – striated earthcreeper (recently described for U. serrrana)
- Genus Upucerthia – earthcreepers (5 species)
- Genus Cinclodes – cinclodes (some 12 species)
- Genus Furnarius – horneros (6 species)
- Genus Lochmias – sharp-tailed streamcreeper
- Genus Phleocryptes – wren-like rushbird
- Genus Limnornis – curve-billed reedhaunter
- Tribe Philydorini – foliage-gleaners and allies
- Genus Megaxenops – great xenops
- Genus Anabazenops – foliage-gleaners (2 species)
- Genus Ancistrops – chestnut-winged hookbill
- Genus Cichlocolaptes – (2 species)
- Genus Heliobletus – sharp-billed treehunter
- Genus Philydor – foliage-gleaners (5 species)
- Genus Dendroma – foliage-gleaners (2 species)
- Genus Anabacerthia – foliage-gleaners (5 species)
- Genus Syndactyla – foliage-gleaners (8 species)
- Genus Clibanornis – (5 species)
- Genus Thripadectes – treehunters (7 species)
- Genus Automolus – foliage-gleaners (8–9 species)
- Tribe Synallaxini – spinetails and allies
- Genus Margarornis – treerunners (4 species)
- Genus Premnoplex – typical barbtails (2 species)
- Genus Aphrastura – rayaditos (2 species)
- Genus Hellmayrea – white-browed spinetail
- Genus Sylviorthorhynchus – (2 species)
- Genus Leptasthenura – tit-spinetails (9 species)
- Genus Phacellodomus – thornbirds (9 species)
- Genus Anumbius – firewood-gatherer
- Genus Coryphistera – lark-like brushrunner
- Genus Pseudoseisura – cacholotes (4 species)
- Genus Pseudasthenes – "false canasteros" (4 species, recently described)
- Genus Spartonoica – bay-capped wren-spinetail
- Genus Asthenes – canasteros (30 species)
- Genus Certhiaxis – spinetails (2 species)
- Genus Mazaria – white-bellied spinetail
- Genus Schoeniophylax – chotoy spinetail
- Genus Synallaxis – spinetails (35 species)
- Genus Siptornis – spectacled prickletail
- Genus Metopothrix – orange-fronted plushcrown
- Genus Xenerpestes – graytails (2 species)
- Genus Acrobatornis – pink-legged graveteiro
- Genus Limnoctites – reedhaunters (2 species)
- Genus Thripophaga – softtails (5 species)
- Genus Cranioleuca – typical spinetails (c.20 species)
- Genus Roraimia – Roraiman barbtail
See also
In Spanish: Furnariidae para niños
