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Panicum sumatrense facts for kids

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Panicum sumatrense
A closeup fo Samai millet with husk.JPG
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Genus:
Panicum
Species:
sumatrense
Synonyms

Panicum miliare auct. non Lam.

Panicum sumatrense, known as little millet, is a species of millet in the family Poaceae.

Description

This species of cereal is similar in habit to the proso millet except that it is smaller. It is an annual herbaceous plant, which grows straight or with folded blades to a height of 30 centimetres (12 in) to 1 metre (39 in). The leaves are linear, with the sometimes hairy laminae and membranous hairy ligules. The panicles are from 4 to 15 cm (1.6 to 5.9 in) in length with 2 to 3.5 mm (0.079 to 0.138 in) long awn. The grain is round and smooth, 1.8 to 1.9 mm (0.071 to 0.075 in) long.

Subspecies

There have been two subspecies described:

  • Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. psilopodium (Trin.) Wet.
  • Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. sumatrense

Distribution and habitat

In the temperate zones of Asia: the Caucasus, China, East Asia and also in the tropics of the continent: India, Indochina and Malaysia.

It can withstand both drought and waterlogging. It can be cultivated up to 2000 m above sea level.

little millet
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 341 kcal (1,430 kJ)
67.0 g
Dietary fiber 7.6 g
4.7 g
Protein
7.7 g
Minerals Quantity
%DV
Calcium
2%
17.0 mg
Iron
72%
9.3 mg
Phosphorus
31%
220.0 mg
Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults.

Common names

Hindi: Kutki, Shavan.
Bengali : Sama.
Tamil : Samai.
Gujarati : Gajro, Kuri.
Telugu : Samalu (సామలు).
Marathi : Sava, Halvi, Vari.
Oriya : Suan.
Kannada : Saame (ಸಾಮೆ).
Malayalam : Chama (ചാമ).

Cultivation

The largest cultivation is in central India. Usually, it is planted using a seed drill. It can also if necessary be planted spoiled. The green plant can also be used in part as cattle feed. The straw can be mixed with clay or cement be used in construction.

The harvest yield is from 230 to 900 kg/ha.

Pests

Pests include the shoot fly Atherigona pulla, which also affects proso millet.

Other insect pests include:

Leaf feeders
  • caterpillars: Euproctis virguncula, Amsacta moorei, Amsacta albistriga, and Amsacta lactinea
  • flea beetles: Chaetocnema basalis, Chaetocnema indica, and Chaetocnema denticulata
  • larvae of the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
  • grasshoppers: Chrotogonus hemipterus, Acrida exaltata, Aiolopus simulatrix, and Aiolopus tamulus
Earhead feeders
Panicle pests
Others
  • Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, and Nisia atrovenosa
  • sugarcane leafhopper, Pyrilla perpusilla
  • midge, Orseolia sp.

Archaeobotany

At the Indus Valley civilisation sites of Harappa and Farmana, the millet assemblage was dominated by little millet. Over 10,000 grains of little millet were recovered at Harappa. At Harappa, little millet cultivation peaked at around 2600 BC, accounting for around 5% of the total cereal assemblage.

Preparation

Little millet is cooked like rice. Sometimes the millet is also milled and baked. The protein content of the grain is 7.7%.

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