Treaty 10 facts for kids
Treaty 10 was an important agreement made in Canada. It started on August 19, 1906. This agreement was between King Edward VII and several First Nation groups. These groups lived in northern Saskatchewan and a small part of eastern Alberta.
Even though some First Nations from Manitoba were outside the main treaty area, two groups from Manitoba also signed. People in northern Manitoba and the Northwest Territories had asked for a treaty for a long time. They wanted one for almost 20 years before the government finally agreed. In 1879, First Nations people from Stanley, Lac la Ronge, and Pelican Narrows asked for a treaty. They were worried about not having enough food.
In 1905, Saskatchewan became a province. This made the Canadian government want to sort out land rights. They wanted to free up land for future use. So, the government signed Treaty 10 with the First Nations. This treaty covered a huge area, about 220,000 square kilometers. It included both Cree and Chipewyan First Nation people. Like other treaties, it meant the First Nations gave up their traditional land rights.
The agreement was based on the text of an earlier agreement, Treaty 8. A government official named J. A. J. McKenna led the talks. He promised medical care and education for the First Nations. He also said that their traditional ways of gathering food would not be stopped by the reserve system.
William Apisis, a chief of the English River Band, asked for something unusual. His people had been asking for a treaty for a very long time. So, he asked for their yearly payments to be paid for all the years they had waited. This request was not accepted.
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Key Dates for Treaty 10
This section lists the important dates when different First Nations groups signed Treaty 10.
Signing Locations and Times
- August 28, 1906: The signing happened at Île-à-la-Crosse.
- September 19, 1906: The Canoe Lake band signed the treaty.
- August 19, 1907: The Lac Brochet signing for the Barren Lands band from Manitoba took place.
- August 22, 1907: Another signing at Lac Brochet for the Hatchet Lake band.
First Nations Who Signed Treaty 10
This treaty involved several First Nations groups from different parts of Canada.
Manitoba First Nations
- Barren Lands First Nation
- Northlands First Nation
Saskatchewan First Nations
- Birch Narrows First Nation
- Buffalo River Dene Nation
- Canoe Lake First Nation
- English River Dene Nation
- Hatchet Lake First Nation
More About Treaties and History
If you want to learn more about treaties and the history of Indigenous peoples in Canada, check out these links.
