Annelid facts for kids

Quick facts for kids Annelids Temporal range: Cambrian – Recent
Glycera sp.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Superphylum:	Lophotrochozoa
Phylum:	Annelida Lamarck, 1809
Classes and subclasses
Class Polychaeta (paraphyletic?) Class Clitellata    Oligochaeta – earthworms, etc.    Acanthobdellida    Branchiobdellida    Hirudinea – leeches Class Myzostomida Class Archiannelida (polyphyletic)

Well known species are earthworms and leeches. Annelids can be found in most wet environments. Some of these species are parasitic or mutualistic. This means they live together with (or inside) another organism. A mutualistic relationship is beneficial to both organisms. Their size varies from under a millimetre to about 3 metres. The largest known species is the seep tube worm (Lamellibrachia lymnesi), which is related to the giant tube worm.

Annelids are made of one or more body segments. Each segment has one or more rings. These rings are called annuli (singular: 'annulus' = 'little ring'). Annelids reproduce sexually by hermaphroditic cross-fertilization. They can regenerate cut off pieces of their body. Unlike sponges, which can come back together if ripped apart. They have a hydrostatic skeleton, a one-way digestion system, and bilateral symmetry.

Nervous system

Annelid worms have a nervous system. The brain forms a ring round the pharynx (throat), consisting of a pair of ganglia (local control centers) above and in front of the pharynx, linked by nerve cords either side of the pharynx to another pair of ganglia just below and behind it. In some very mobile and active polychaetes the brain is enlarged and more complex, with visible hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain sections.

The rest of the central nervous system is usually 'ladder-like', with a pair of nerve cords that run along the bottom part of the body cavity. In each segment there are paired ganglia linked by a cross-connection. From each segmental ganglion a branching system of local nerves runs into the body wall and then encircles the body.

Main groups

• Polychaetes: about 12,000 species, free-living
• Clitellates: about 5,000 species
  • Oligochaetes
  • Hirudinea
• Echiura

Images for kids

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  Lamellibrachian tube worms have no gut and gain nutrients from chemoautotrophic bacteria living inside them.

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  This sabellid tubeworm is budding

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  Burgessochaeta setigera

See also

In Spanish: Annelida para niños