Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal facts for kids
Francisco Hilario Henríquez y Carvajal (born January 14, 1859 – died February 6, 1935) was an important person from the Dominican Republic. He was a doctor, a lawyer, a writer, a teacher, and a politician. He even served as president of his country right before the United States took control.
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Life and Career of Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal
Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal was born in Santo Domingo. His family came from Sephardic Jews who moved from Curaçao in the 1800s. He studied a lot in his home country.
In 1887, he moved to Paris, France, for four years. He earned a special degree in Medicine from the University of Paris. After his studies, he returned to the Dominican Republic. There, he worked as a doctor and taught many students.
He also worked as an editor for a newspaper called El Maestro. However, he had to leave the country during the time when Ulises Heureaux was a dictator. While he was away, he became friends with Juan Isidro Jiménez.
When Heureaux was assassinated in 1899, Jiménez became president. Henríquez y Carvajal returned to the Dominican Republic. He then served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs, handling relations with other countries.
He married Salomé Ureña, a famous poet, in 1880. They had four children: Pedro, Francisco, Max, and Camila. Salomé passed away in 1898. Later, he married his second wife, Natividad Lauransón Amiama.
After Jiménez's government fell in 1902, Henríquez y Carvajal moved to Cuba. He continued to work as a doctor there. He came back to his home country briefly in 1903. This was after Horacio Vásquez led a temporary government. But he left again a few months later.
In 1907, President Ramón Cáceres sent him as a representative to the Hague Convention. This was an important meeting about international laws. In 1911, Henríquez y Carvajal also served as a special messenger to Haiti. This was to help solve problems about the border between the two countries.
Presidency and US Occupation
In 1916, Henríquez y Carvajal was on a diplomatic trip. During this time, he learned that the Dominican Republic had been taken over by the United States. A group of leaders, led by Horacio Vásquez, chose Henríquez y Carvajal to be president.
He served as president from July 31 to November 29, 1916. After his time, the United States military governor, Harry Shepard Knapp, took over.
Later, during the presidency of Rafael Trujillo, Henríquez y Carvajal served as a special envoy. He worked in France and Cuba from 1930 to 1935.
Death and Lasting Impact
Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal passed away in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba in 1935. He was 76 years old. His body is buried in the National Pantheon of the Dominican Republic in Santo Domingo.
A Dominican teacher and feminist named Rosa Smester Marrero admired Henríquez y Carvajal. She wrote good things about him while he was still alive. In 1920, she asked him to help the Nationalist cause during the American occupation. In her 1929 article Así es, she praised his smart ideas. She said he was an "enlightened" man who supported women's rights.
Selected Writings
Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal wrote many books and articles. Here are some of them:
- "La hija del Hebreo" (1883, 'The daughter of the Hebrews')
- "Ramón Mella" (1891)
- "Juvenilia" (1904)
- "Dolorosa" (1909, 'Painful')
- "Derecho Internacional Público y la Guerra" (1915, 'Public International Law and War')
- "Discurso pro-Pablo Duarte" (1915, 'Speaking for Pablo Duarte')
- "Páginas Selectas" (1918, 'Selected Writings')
- "Cuba y Quisqueya" (1920, 'Cuba and Quisqueya')
- "Rosa de la tarde" (1923, 'Rose of the Afternoon')
- "Guarocuya. Monólogo de Enriquillo El" (1924, 'Guarocuya. The monologue of Enriquillo')
- "Nacionalismo" (1925, 'Nationalism')
- "Del Amor y del Dolor" (1926, 'About Love and About Pain')
- "Mi Álbum de Sonetos" (1927, 'My Album of Sonnets')
- "Etica y Estética" (1929, 'Ethics and Aesthetics')
- Bani (1939)
See also
In Spanish: Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal para niños
