Geoffrey Rufus facts for kids

Geoffrey Rufus, also known as Galfrid Rufus, was an important figure in medieval England. He served as a top government official, the Lord Chancellor, and later became the Bishop of Durham. He lived during a time when England was often in conflict, especially after King Henry I of England died.

Early Life and Royal Service

Geoffrey Rufus's early life is not well known. We don't know who his parents were or where he grew up. Even the reason for his nickname, "Rufus," is a mystery.

Before becoming a bishop, Geoffrey worked for the king. He was a royal clerk, which meant he helped with official paperwork and managed royal affairs. He even worked for the previous Lord Chancellor, Ranulf.

In 1123, King Henry I chose Geoffrey to be his Lord Chancellor. This was a very powerful job. The Lord Chancellor was like the king's main secretary and chief advisor. Geoffrey held this important position for ten years, until 1133. He was often in England, even when the king was in Normandy (part of modern-day France).

Becoming Bishop of Durham

In 1133, Geoffrey Rufus was chosen to become the Bishop of Durham. This was a very important religious role. He was officially nominated around May 14, 1133. He became a bishop on August 6, 1133, and was formally welcomed into his church on August 10, 1133.

When Geoffrey first became bishop, he had some disagreements with the monks at his cathedral. However, they soon made peace. Geoffrey agreed to let the monks keep their special rights and traditions. He also helped Newminster Abbey, a religious house, by giving them gifts and support. During his time as bishop, the chapter house at Durham Cathedral was finished. This was an important building for the cathedral's monks.

Challenges and Conflicts

After King Henry I died, King Stephen took the throne. Geoffrey Rufus accepted Stephen as the new king. However, Geoffrey did not often visit King Stephen's royal court.

In 1136, a peace treaty was signed in Durham. This treaty was between King Stephen and King David I of Scotland. But peace did not last long. In 1138, King David invaded northern England. Geoffrey's castle at Norham surrendered to the Scottish king. Some people criticized Geoffrey for not defending the castle better.

King David offered to give Norham Castle back to Geoffrey. But there was a condition: Geoffrey had to stop supporting King Stephen. Geoffrey refused this offer, showing his loyalty to Stephen. Because of his refusal, Norham Castle was destroyed.

Geoffrey Rufus tried to stay neutral during the conflicts. He did not seem to support either side at the Battle of the Standard in August 1138. By the end of Geoffrey's life, much of his diocese (the area he was in charge of as bishop) was controlled by the Scottish king. This was because King David I had invaded northern England to support Empress Matilda, who also claimed the English throne.

Death and Legacy

Geoffrey Rufus died on May 6, 1141. He was married and had at least one daughter, who married a man named Robert of Amundeville. He also had a son named Geoffrey. His son did not seem to be involved in politics.

In the 1800s, Geoffrey Rufus's grave was found and studied inside the Durham Chapter House.