Ivan Kramskoi facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Ivan Kramskoi
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Portrait of Kramskoi by Ilya Repin, 1882.
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Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoi
27 May [O.S. June 8] 1837 Ostrogozhsk, Voronezh Governorate, Russian Empire
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| Died | 6 April 1887 (aged 49) |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Education | Imperial Academy of Arts |
| Known for | Painting |
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Notable work
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The Mermaids (1871) Christ in the Desert (1872) Portrait of an Unknown Woman (1883) |
| Movement | Realism, Peredvizhniki |
| Awards | Gold medal winner (1863), five-times silver medal winner |
| Patron(s) | Pavel Tretyakov |
Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoi (Russian: Ива́н Никола́евич Крамско́й; born June 8, 1837, in Ostrogozhsk – died April 6, 1887, in Saint Petersburg) was a famous Russian painter and art critic. He was a very important leader in the Russian democratic art movement from the 1860s to the 1880s. He believed art should show real life and have a strong message.
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The Life of Ivan Kramskoi
Ivan Kramskoi grew up in a family that wasn't rich. From 1857 to 1863, he studied art at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. He didn't agree with the old-fashioned way art was taught there.
He led a group of 14 students in a "revolt" against the Academy's rules. This led to them leaving the school. After leaving, they formed their own group called the Artel of Artists.
Kramskoi's Artistic Beliefs
Kramskoi was inspired by ideas from Russian thinkers who wanted change. He strongly believed that artists had an important job to do for society. He felt art should be realistic, show strong morals, and connect with the people.
He became one of the main founders of the Company of Itinerant Art Exhibitions, also known as the Peredvizhniki. This group of artists traveled around, showing their art to people outside of big cities. From 1863 to 1868, he also taught drawing.
Famous Portraits
Kramskoi painted many portraits of important Russian people. These included famous writers like Leo Tolstoy, scientists, other artists like Ivan Shishkin, and public figures like Pavel Tretyakov.
His portraits were simple in how they were put together. But they were very clear and showed the deep feelings and personalities of the people he painted. He also painted many portraits of peasants, showing their unique characters and lives.
Meaningful Paintings
One of Kramskoi's most famous paintings is Christ in the Desert (1872). In this painting, he took a religious story and gave it a deeper meaning about morals and philosophy.
He showed Christ with strong emotions and inner struggles. This made the painting feel very real and human. It also brought up the idea of heroic self-sacrifice.
Kramskoi wanted his art to express even more powerful ideas. He created paintings that were a mix of portraits and everyday scenes. Examples include "Nekrasov during the period of 'Last songs'" (1877–78) and "Unknown Woman" (1883). These paintings showed complex feelings and the life stories of his subjects.
Kramskoi's art and his strong opinions about art greatly influenced how realistic art developed in Russia during the late 1800s.
Gallery
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The Mermaids, 1871
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Old man with a crutch, 1872
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Christ in the Desert, 1872
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Portrait of painter Ivan Shishkin, 1873.
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Leo Tolstoy, 1873
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Ivan Shishkin, 1880
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Maria Feodorovna, 1880s
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Portrait of a woman reading, 1881, Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts
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Portrait of an Unknown Woman, 1883
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Vladimir Solovyov, 1885
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Alexander III, 1886
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Mina Moiseyev
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Ivan Kramskoi - Портрет П.М.Третьякова - Google Art Project.jpg
Portrait of Pavel Tretyakov (1832–1898).
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Moonlight night
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Forester, 1874
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See also
In Spanish: Iván Kramskói para niños
