James Terry Gardiner facts for kids

James Terry Gardiner (born May 6, 1842, died September 10, 1912) was an important American surveyor and engineer. He helped map parts of the United States and worked to improve public health. Gardiner was known for his detailed surveys of wild areas and his efforts to set up good sewage systems in New York.

Early Life and Adventures

James Terry Gardiner was born in Troy, New York. His parents were Daniel Gardiner and Ann Terry Gardiner. He briefly studied at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the Sheffield Scientific School.

In 1863, when he was 21, Gardiner went on an exciting horseback trip to California. He traveled with his childhood friend, Clarence King. When they arrived in San Francisco, Gardiner started working for the United States Army Corps of Engineers. He helped build forts along the coast, including what is now Fort Mason and defenses on Angel Island.

Exploring California's Mountains

In the spring of 1864, Gardiner joined the California Division of Mines and Geology. This group was led by Josiah Whitney. His friend King was already working there as a geologist. That summer, they took part in the first scientific survey of the high Sierra Nevada mountains. For the next few years, Gardiner stayed with the survey. He traveled through many different parts of California, mapping and exploring.

Mapping the American West

In 1867, Gardiner joined another big project called the Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel. This survey was led by his friend, Clarence King. They explored and mapped a wide area across the western United States.

Later, in 1872, Gardiner joined the Hayden Survey. He became the chief topographer for this important team. He held this role until 1876, creating detailed maps of the land.

Public Service in New York

After his work in the West, Gardiner returned to New York. He was chosen to be the director of the State Survey. This meant he was in charge of mapping and understanding the land of New York.

From 1880 to 1886, Gardiner also served on the state board of health. He played a key role in setting up proper sewage systems across New York. This work was very important for public health, helping to keep cities clean and prevent diseases.

Family Life and Legacy

James Terry Gardiner married Josephine Rogers in 1868. She was from Oakland, California. They had one child, a daughter named Florence. Sadly, Josephine passed away four years later.

In 1881, Gardiner married Eliza Greene Doane. She was from Albany, New York. Together, they had five children: Mary, Margaret, Doane, Anne, and Elizabeth.

Building a Community in Maine

With his father-in-law, Bishop William Croswell Doane, Gardiner helped create a community called Northeast Harbor. This beautiful place is on Cadillac Island, which is part of Mount Desert Island in Maine.

In 1883, Gardiner built a large summer home there. He named it "Ye Haven," and it is still known as "The Haven" today. He also started a water company and helped design roads and public services for the new community. James Terry Gardiner passed away in Northeast Harbor on September 10, 1912, at the age of 70.

Mount Gardiner's Name

A mountain in Kings Canyon National Park was named Mount Gardiner in his honor. The California Geological Survey gave it this name to remember his important work.

Interestingly, the family name used to be spelled "Gardiner." But his father dropped the "i" at one point. James used this shorter spelling for a while. However, in the middle of his life, he decided to go back to the original spelling, "Gardiner."