John I, Duke of Lorraine facts for kids
Quick facts for kids John I |
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Effigy of John I (Iean I) in Nancy
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| Duke of Lorraine | |
| Reign | 26 August 1346 - 27 September 1390 |
| Predecessor | Rudolph |
| Successor | Charles II |
| Born | February 1346 |
| Died | 23 September 1390 (aged 44) Paris |
| Spouse | Sophie of Württemberg |
| Issue | Charles II Frederick, Count of Vaudémont Isabelle |
| House | House of Metz |
| Father | Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine |
| Mother | Marie of Blois |
John I was an important ruler known as the Duke of Lorraine. He was born in February 1346. He became duke when he was only six months old! This happened because his father, Rudolph, sadly died in a big battle called the Battle of Crécy. John's mother was Marie of Blois. He ruled Lorraine until he passed away on September 23, 1390.
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Becoming Duke of Lorraine
When John was very young, his mother and Eberhard III of Württemberg helped him rule. This period is called a regency. In December 1353, John promised his loyalty to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. The Emperor then made him a special leader in the Moselle region.
In 1354, John II of France gave John permission to rule Lorraine even though he was not yet an adult. This showed how important Lorraine was to France.
Battles and Alliances
John took part in the Lithuanian Crusade in 1356 and again in 1365. He fought alongside the Teutonic Knights against Lithuania.
On September 19, 1356, John fought in the Battle of Poitiers. Many French soldiers were defeated by English longbowmen. John survived the battle, but he was captured by the English.
Later, John helped the French prince, called the Dauphin Charles. They worked together to stop a rebellion in Paris led by Étienne Marcel. John also attended Charles's coronation on May 19, 1364, in Rheims. This helped make the connection between Lorraine and France even stronger.
John also joined the War of the Breton Succession. He supported his uncle, Charles of Blois, against John of Montfort. In the Battle of Auray on September 29, 1364, John of Montfort won. John I was captured again in this battle.
Later Life and Family
John continued to help Charles V and Charles VI. They tried to get back lands that France had lost in the Treaty of Brétigny. However, in his later years, John started to distance himself from the French court. This was partly because groups of soldiers, called free companies, were causing trouble in his lands. Also, French officials were trying to interfere with how John ruled his own nobles.
In the end, John became friends with Philip II, Duke of Burgundy. John I passed away in Paris on September 22, 1390. He was in Paris to defend himself against claims of unfair rule by the people of Neufchâteau.
John I's Family
In 1361, John married Sophie of Württemberg (1343–1369). She was the daughter of Eberhard II, Count of Württemberg. They had three children:
- Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (1365–1431)
- Frederick of Lorraine, Count of Vaudémont (1369–1415)
- Isabelle of Lorraine (died 1423), who married Enguerrand VII, Lord of Coucy.
John later married Marguerite de Chini (died 1372). She is buried at Orval Abbey.
See also
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John I, Duke of Lorraine
House of Metz
Born: February 1346 Died: 23 September 1390 |
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| Preceded by Rudolph |
Duke of Lorraine 1346-1390 |
Succeeded by Charles II |
