List of cacao diseases facts for kids
Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents - some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species".
Contents
Bacterial diseases
| Bacterial diseases | ||
|---|---|---|
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (artificial inoculations) | |
| Stripe | Pectobacterium carotovorum | |
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Fungal diseases
| Fungal and Oomycete diseases |
|
|---|---|
| Anthracnose | Glomerella cingulata |
| Armillaria root rot | Armillaria mellea |
| Black pod disease |
Phytophthora capsici |
| Black root |
Rosellinia bunodes |
| Brown root | Phellinus noxius |
| Canker |
Phytophthora citrophthora |
| Ceratocystis wilt |
Ceratocystis cacaofunesta |
| Collar crack |
Armillariella mellea |
| Collar rot | Ustulina deusta |
| Cushion gall (green-point gall) |
Nectria rigidiuscula |
| Dieback | Physiological, stress induced, more than 80 fungal species associated with this syndrome |
| Frosty pod | Moniliophthora roreri |
| Horse hair blight | Crinipellis sarmentosa |
| Lasiodiplodia pod rot |
Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
| Leaf anthracnose | Colletotrichum spp. |
| Macrophoma pod rot | Macrophoma spp. |
| Moniliophthora pod rot | Moniliophthora roreri |
| Phytophthora pod rot |
Phytophthora capsici |
| Pink disease | Erythricium salmonicolor |
| Sudden death |
Verticillium dahliae |
| Thread blight | Ceratobasidium koleroga |
| Trachysphaera pot rot (mealy pod) | Trachysphaera fructigena |
| Vascular streak dieback | Oncobasidium theobromae |
| Violet root rot |
Nectria mauritiicola |
| Wet root rot | Ganoderma philippii |
| White root rot |
Rigidoporus microporus |
| White thread | Marasmiellus scandens |
| Witch's broom | Moniliophthora perniciosa |
Miscellaneous diseases
| Miscellaneous diseases |
||
|---|---|---|
| Algal disease | Cephaleuros virescens | |
| Cherelle wilt | Physiological, no specific pathogen involved | |
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Insect pests
- Cocoa mirids or capsids worldwide (but especially Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma in West Africa and Helopeltis spp. in Southeast Asia)
- Bathycoelia thalassina - West Africa
- Conopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer – in Southeast Asia)
- Carmenta theobromae - C. & S. America
Nematodes, parasitic
| Nematodes, parasitic |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Awl nematode | Dolichodorus spp. | ||
| Cyst nematode | Heterodera spp. | ||
| Dagger nematode | Xiphinema spp. | ||
| Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus spp. | ||
| Reniform nematode | Rotylenchulus spp. | ||
| Ring nematode | Hoplolaimus spp. | ||
| Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. | ||
| Spiral nematode | Helicotylenchus spp. | ||
| Stubby root nematode | Trichodorus spp. | ||
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Parasitic plants
| Mistletoes | |
|---|---|
| Dendrophthora spp. | |
| Loranthus spp. | |
| Oryctanthus spp. | |
| Phoradendron spp. | |
| Phthirusa spp. | |
| Tapinanthus spp. | |
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Viral and viroid diseases
| Viral and viroid diseases | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) | ||
| Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) | ||
| Cocoa necrosis virus (CNV) | ||
