Manuel Candamo facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Manuel González de Candamo e Iriarte
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| Interim President (President of the Government Junta) of Peru | |
| In office March 20, 1895 – September 8, 1895 |
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| Preceded by | Andrés Avelino Cáceres |
| Succeeded by | Nicolás de Piérola |
| 33rd President of Peru | |
| In office September 8, 1903 – May 7, 1904 |
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| Vice President | Lino Alarco Brediñana Serapio Calderón |
| Preceded by | Eduardo López de Romaña |
| Succeeded by | Serapio Calderón |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 14, 1841 Lima, Peru |
| Died | May 7, 1904 (aged 62) Arequipa, Peru |
| Political party | Civilista Party |
| Spouse | Teresa Álvarez-Calderón |
Manuel González de Candamo e Iriarte (born July 14, 1841 – died May 7, 1904) was an important Peruvian politician. He served as the 33rd President of Peru from 1903 until he passed away in 1904. Before that, he was also an interim (temporary) President in 1895. He led a special group called the Government Junta during that time.
Contents
Early Life and Education
Manuel Candamo was born into a very wealthy family in Lima, Peru. His father, Pedro González de Candamo, was a Peruvian Ambassador and one of the richest people in Peru. His mother was María de las Mercedes Iriarte e Odria.
Manuel went to the "Colegio de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe" for his early schooling. After high school, he studied at the National University of San Marcos. There, he earned a degree in Jurisprudence, which is the study of law.
Starting a Political Career
Speaking Out Against the Government
In 1863, Manuel Candamo began working for "El Comercio", a well-known newspaper in Lima. He used his writing to strongly criticize President Juan Antonio Pezet. He was especially against the "Vivanco-Pareja Treaty" and how the government handled problems with Spain. Because of his strong opinions, he was sent away to Chile. He could only return after Mariano Ignacio Prado successfully removed President Pezet from power.
Supporting the Chincha Islands War
After the change in government, Candamo actively supported President Prado during the Chincha Islands War. This war involved Spain trying to reclaim its influence over Peru. When the Peruvian Congress did not recognize Prado's government, Candamo traveled to Chile as part of a diplomatic group. He later left Chile to travel through Europe and Asia.
Joining the Civilista Party
Manuel Candamo was one of the people who helped start the Civilista Party. He founded it along with Manuel Pardo. This party was special because it was the first organized political party in Peru made mostly of civilians, not military leaders. During this time, Candamo successfully restarted his political career and grew his businesses.
War of the Pacific and Rebuilding Peru
Defending Lima and Exile
When the Peruvian armies in the south were defeated, the Chilean army was about to invade Lima. Candamo bravely helped defend the city, fighting in battles like San Juan and Miraflores. After the Chilean army took over Lima, Candamo and other important politicians were sent away to Chile. This happened because they were against any peace deal that would give away Peruvian lands like Tarapacá, Tacna, and Arica to Chile.
Returning to Politics
Candamo came back to Peru after the Treaty of Ancón was signed, which officially ended the war. However, he was again sent away because he opposed President Miguel Iglesias and supported Andrés Avelino Cáceres. Once Iglesias was removed and Cáceres became president, Candamo was elected to the Senate. He became the President of the Senate three times: in 1888, 1890, and 1892.
Later Political Achievements
Leading the Provisional Government
As a member of the Civilista Party, Candamo also served as the mayor of Lima. In 1894, after Andrés Avelino Cáceres had to step down from the presidency, Candamo was chosen for a very important role. He was asked to lead a "Provisional Government Junta" (a temporary governing group) and organize new elections. Nicolás de Piérola, who was allied with the Civilista Party, won these elections.
President of the Senate Again
During the time Eduardo López de Romaña was president, Candamo was elected President of the Peruvian Senate again in both 1897 and 1901. This showed how influential he was. The Civilista and Democratic parties worked together during this period, sharing political power.
Becoming President of Peru
For the 1903 election, Manuel Candamo was seen as a fair and trusted leader within the Civilista Party. He was elected president. Sadly, after becoming president, he became ill and passed away while still in office.
After his death, Serapio Calderón briefly served as interim president. Then, Candamo was succeeded by his foreign minister, José Pardo.
Family Life
Manuel Candamo was married to Teresa Álvarez-Calderón. They had two daughters. One of their daughters, Teresa De La Cruz, became a nun and founded a convent called Canonesas de La Cruz. In 1981, the Catholic Church gave her the title of Servant of God. This means she is being considered for possible sainthood, which is a very high honor.
Images for kids
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Manuel Candamo
See also
In Spanish: Manuel Candamo para niños
