National University of San Marcos facts for kids
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Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
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Latin: Academia S. Marci Vrbis Regvm in Perv
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Universidad del Perú, Decana de América |
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| Type | Public university |
| Established | May 12, 1551 |
| Undergraduates | 28,645 |
| Postgraduates | 3,447 |
| Location |
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12°03′30″S 77°05′00″W / 12.05833°S 77.08333°W |
| Campus | Urban |
| Mascot | Lion |
| Website | www.unmsm.edu.pe |
The National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM) is a public university in Lima, Peru. It was founded on 12 May 1551. It is the first and most important university of Peru and the oldest university of the Americas. The University of San Marcos has 20 faculties and 62 academic schools. It enrolls 28,645 undergraduate students and 3,447 graduate students. The National University of San Marcos has many notable students and graduates, including the only Peruvian Nobel Prize winner, Mario Vargas Llosa. Academically, the University of San Marcos ranks first in Peru.
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History
The National University of San Marcos was founded on 12 May 1551, in Lima (Peru), as the "Real Universidad de la Ciudad de los Reyes" (Real University of the City of the Kings), by the emperor Carlos I of Spain. It was the first university officially founded (by royal decree) in the Americas. Its first rector was Juan Bautista de la Roca. During its first years it was a monastic institution. Pedro Fernández Valenzuela was its first secular rector in 1571. On 17 September 1574, was elected the name of the evangelist "San Marcos" (Saint Mark) as the official name for the main university of the Viceroyalty of Peru.
The University of San Marcos began its classes with the studies of theology and arts, after some years it were introduced the studies of law and medicine. The viceroy of Peru Francisco de Toledo gave help to the secularization of the university, then it was possible to choose a religious person or a secular person as the rector. During the 18th century, many Latinoamerican intellectuals from the University of San Marcos started to critic the colonial system. San Marcos and the colleges of San Carlos and San Fernando (after incorporated to the university) were monitored by the Viceroy.
During the emancipation times, the university was a very important figure for the independence movements. The first Constituent congress of Peru took place in the chapel of the University of San Marcos in 1822. During the 19th century the university returned to its local known as the "Casona", next to the university park. Until 1946, the university was usually call University of Lima, then in that year it was officialized its name as "Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos" (National University of San Marcos). In 1951, it was opened the Stadium of the University of San Marcos, as part of the celebrations of its 400th anniversary.
Nowadays, the University of San Marcos has 20 faculties and 62 academic schools, being the only Peruvian university that offers studies in the main areas of knowledge (using the UNESCO criteria). San Marcos is considered as the main Peruvian university because its important participation during the history of Peru and its notable alumni and faculty. It is the only Peruvian university with a Nobel Prize winner, Mario Vargas Llosa, among its alumni.
Organization
Government
The government of the university was initially led by religious rectors, since the illustration times until today it is led by secular rectors. The main organs of the university government are:
- University assembly: The main organ of government of the university, its main function is the modification of the laws of the university. It is formed by the rector, the two vicerectors, the deans of the faculties, the director of the postgraduate school, representatives of the professors, representatives of the schools, one representative of the graduates, and the president of the students federation of the university.
- University council: It is in charged of the administration of the university. It is formed by the rector, the two vicerectors, the deans of the faculties, the director of the postgraduate school, representatives of the professors, representatives of the schools, one representative of the graduates, and the president of the students federation of the university.
- Rectorate: It is the organ of the university formed mainly by the rector and the two vicerectors . The University have had 213 rectors since its creation. Nowadays, the rector of the university is Dr. Luis Izquierdo.
Schools
Notable alumni and academics
During its more than 450 years of history, the National University of San Marcos have had many notable alumni and academics:
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Images for kids
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Oil referring to the founding of the University of San Marcos, officially the first university in Peru and America, and its manager Fray Tomás de San Martín.
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The chapter house in the Convent of the Rosario of the Dominicans, where the University of San Marcos began to function.
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Engraving of the old facade of the place where the University of San Marcos worked throughout the viceroyalty, later this place would be ceded to the Congress of the Republic of Peru.
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Welcome mural of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, it mentions the date of its official foundation by royal decree: May 12, 1551.
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The First Constituent Congress of Peru, was chaired by Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza and held in the chapel of the University of San Marcos on September 20, 1822.
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Local of the University of San Marcos at the beginning of the 20th century, the so-called Casona de San Marcos is currently the Cultural Center of San Marcos.
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During the 20th century, the students of the University of San Marcos had an active participation in the intellectual, political and social events of Peru. In the photo: President Augusto Leguía after a speech at the university.
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Mural dedicated to the foundation and history of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, located in the headquarters of the “Jorge Basadre” rectorate. Made by the Peruvian muralist Domingo Huamán Peñaloza.
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The Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa, Nobel Prize for Literature 2010. In 2011, his alma mater distinguished him with the highest decoration: the San Marcos Medal of Honor in the degree of Grand Cross.
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View of the main square of the University City; on the left side is the “Jorge Basadre” rectorate; on the right side the University Library; in the center the monument of Fray Tomás de San Martín.
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View of the Cultural Center of the National University of San Marcos; on the left side is the University Park, the German Tower, and monuments of illustrious San Marcos; on the right side the historic Casona de San Marcos and the Panteón de los Próceres.
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View of the "San Fernando" campus of the University of San Marcos; on the left side the pharmacology room can be seen; On the right side, the main entrance of the “San Fernando” Faculty of Medicine, with a monument to Hipólito Unanue inside.
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Royal Decree in which Emperor Carlos V authorized the official creation of the first university in America on May 12, 1551: the University of San Marcos, then the Royal University of Lima.
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Illustration about universities in the West Indies: The University of San Marcos is described as the first in the Americas to be officially founded by Real Cédula.
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Flag of the University of San Marcos, the emblem represents the institution, and the white background the variety of academic colors of each faculty.
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Mural dedicated to research and knowledge (Main Library).
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Oil painting commemorating the foundation of the University of Lima (later named San Marcos), officially the first university in Peru and the Americas, and his manager Friar Tomas of San Martin
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The historic chapter house at the Basilica and Convent of Santo Domingo, where the University of San Marcos began its operations
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Drawing showing the old facade of the premises where the University of San Marcos functioned throughout the Peruvian viceroyalty. Later this place would be transferred to the nascent Congress of Peru.
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Local University of San Marcos in 1920, the famous "Casona de San Marcos is currently the Centro Cultural de San Marcos
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Welcome Mural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, as he mentioned the official date of its foundation: May 12 of 1551
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La Casona de San Marcos, used as the cultural center
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Jorge Basadre building, used for administrative functions
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Main library
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San Marcos University Press
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San Marcos University Gym
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San Marcos University Stadium
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Metallica concert at University of San Marcos
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Monument of Fray Tomas de San Martín
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Main auditorium
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San Marcos University Clinic
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Institute of Tropical Medicine
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Museum of Natural History
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See also
In Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos para niños
