Minecart facts for kids
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A minecart, mine cart, or mine car (or more rarely mine trolley or mine hutch) is a type of rolling stock found on a mine railway, used for transporting ore and materials procured in the process of traditional mining. Minecarts are seldom used in modern operations, having largely been superseded in underground operations (especially coal mines) by more efficient belt conveyor systems that allow machines such as longwall shearers and continuous miners to operate at their full capacity, and above ground by large dumpers.
Terminology
Throughout the world, there are different titles for mine carts. In South Africa, a minecart is referred to as a cocopan; or koekepan. In German, it is called Hunt (alternative spelling Hund). In Wales, minecarts are known as drams. In the U.S. and elsewhere, the term skip – or skip wagon (older spelling: waggon) – is used. (See: Skip (container)#Etymology)
In particular, a V skip wagon is a side-tipping skid with a V-shaped body (Images)
Shape and operation
Minecarts range in size and usage, and are usually made of steel for hauling ore. Shaped like large, rectangular buckets, minecarts ride on metal tracks and were originally pushed or pulled by men and animals (supplemented later by rope-haulage systems). They were generally introduced in early modern time, replacing containers carried by men. Originally, they didn't run on a real "rail", where the wheels would have a rim to fit into the tracks, but with plain wheels on a wooden plank way, hold in track by a pin fitting into a guide groove, or by the underside of the cart itself which was lower than the wheels and fitted between the planks ("Hungarian system").
As mines increased in size and output, the aforementioned methods became impractical because of the distances and quantities of material involved, so larger carts would be used, hauled by narrow gauge diesel and electric locomotives (in coal mining operations, where gas that is flammable would present a problem, the locomotives would be flameproof or battery powered). These were also used to pull trains transporting miners to the workfaces.
Minecarts were very important in the history of technology because they evolved into railroad cars. See History of rail transport.
Lorry or mine car
An open railroad car (gondola) with a tipping trough, often found in mines. Known in the UK as a tippler or chaldron wagon and in the US as a mine car.
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Mining cart shown in De Re Metallica (1556). The guide pin fits in a groove between two wooden planks.
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Note clearly visible guide pin.
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Child laborers on a minecart at Bessie Mine, Alabama, c. 1910-1911. Photo by Lewis Hine.
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A mine car is weighed in a Kentucky coal tipple in 1946, before the coal is dumped into a railroad car.
See also
- Chaldron
- Corf
- Decauville wagon
- Gondola (rail)
- Mineral wagon
