Asian rice Facts for Kids

Quick facts for kids Asian rice

Mature seed heads

Inflorescence
Scientific classification
Genus:	Oryza
Species:	sativa
Synonyms
List Oryza aristata Blanco Oryza communissima Lour. Oryza denudata (Desv.) Steud. Oryza elongata (Desv.) Steud. Oryza formosana Masam. & Suzuki Oryza glutinosa Lour. Oryza marginata (Desv.) Steud. Oryza montana Lour. Oryza mutica Steud. Oryza palustris Salisb. Oryza parviflora P.Beauv. Oryza perennis Moench Oryza plena (Prain) N.P.Chowdhury Oryza praecox Lour. Oryza pubescens (Desv.) Steud. Oryza pumila Steud. Oryza repens Buch.-Ham. ex Steud. Oryza rubribarbis (Desv.) Steud. Oryza sativa subsp. indica Shig.Kato Oryza sativa subsp. japonica Shig.Kato Oryza segetalis Russell ex Steud.

Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. It is the type of farmed rice whose cultivars are most common globally, and was first domesticated in the Yangtze River basin in China 13,500 to 8,200 years ago.

Oryza sativa is a grass with a genome consisting of 430Mb across 12 chromosomes. It is renowned for being easy to genetically modify and is a model organism for cereal biology.

Classification
Nomenclature and taxonomy
Genetics
Gallery
See also

Classification

Oryza sativa contains two major subspecies: the sticky, short-grained japonica or sinica variety, and the nonsticky, long-grained indica rice [ja] variety. Japonica varieties are usually cultivated in dry fields (it is cultivated mainly submerged in Japan), in temperate East Asia, upland areas of Southeast Asia, and high elevations in South Asia, while indica varieties are mainly lowland rices, grown mostly submerged, throughout tropical Asia. Rice occurs in a variety of colors, including white, brown, black, purple, and red rices. Black rice (also known as purple rice) is a range of rice types, some of which are glutinous rice. Varieties include Indonesian black rice and Thai jasmine black rice.

A third subspecies, which is broad-grained and thrives under tropical conditions, was identified based on morphology and initially called javanica, but is now known as tropical japonica. Examples of this variety include the medium-grain 'Tinawon' and 'Unoy' cultivars, which are grown in the high-elevation rice terraces of the Cordillera Mountains of northern Luzon, Philippines.

Glaszmann (1987) used isozymes to sort O. sativa into six groups: japonica, aromatic, indica, aus, rayada, and ashina.

Garris et al. (2004) used simple sequence repeats to sort O. sativa into five groups: temperate japonica, tropical japonica and aromatic comprise the japonica varieties, while indica and aus comprise the indica varieties.