Ramjet facts for kids

A ramjet is a type of engine which uses the properties of air to create thrust. Ramjets are most often attached to aircraft, and require that the aircraft is moving above the speed of sound, also called Mach 1. They are different from "normal" aircraft engines because they do not have any moving parts which compress the air. Instead, they use shock waves to compress the air.

Parts of a Ramjet

Ramjets are made up of 4 main sections.

Inlet

The first section is called the inlet. The purpose of the inlet is to capture air and compress it. Compression is required in order to burn the fuel correctly. The compression comes from a process called a shock wave. Shock waves only occur when the aircraft is moving at or above Mach 1. For this reason, ramjets are more efficient if moving around Mach 2 or 3.

Diffuser

The second part of the ramjet is called the diffuser. Air that comes through the inlet is moving very fast, which makes it very hard to burn fuel. The job of the diffuser is to slow the flow down in an efficient way. By the time the air has passed all the way through the inlet, it is traveling slower than Mach 1. This is important for the diffuser to work properly. The diffuser is essentially just a pipe that increases in area as you move along it. Because the flow moving slower than Mach 1, the increasing area causes the air to slow down.

Combustion chamber

The third part of the ramjet is the combustor, also called the combustion chamber. The combustor is where the fuel is introduced to the air, and then burns. Burning fuel adds energy to the air, which will be later used to create thrust. The air must be moving relatively slowly for the combustor to work properly. There is a part inside the combustor called the flame holder. The flame holder, as the name suggests, holds the flame in place. A typical flame holder looks like a ring of small v-shaped pieces of metal. They create little pockets of slow air, which make it easier for the fuel to keep burning.

Nozzle

After the fuel is burned and the air is heated, it flows through the last part, the nozzle. The purpose of the nozzle is to turn all of the energy in the air into thrust. In order to do this, the nozzle must first get smaller then get larger. The smallest area of the nozzle is called the "throat". The air coming from the combustor is moving slower than Mach 1, so as the nozzle gets smaller, the air speeds up. The nozzle is designed so that once the air reaches the throat, it has sped all the way up to Mach 1. This is an important detail for the nozzle to work properly. Once the air passes the throat, the air gets larger again. Since the flow reached Mach 1 in the throat, increasing the area also increases the speed of the air. This is the key to creating thrust. The air exiting the nozzle essentially "pushes" the ramjet forward.

Related pages

• Gas turbine
• Turbojet

Images for kids

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  An AQM-60 Kingfisher, the first production ramjet to enter service with the US military

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  A Bloodhound on display at the RAF Museum, Hendon, London.

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  Leduc 010

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  A typical ramjet

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  Bristol Thor ramjet modified for display purposes. Two Thor engines were used on the Bristol Bloodhound missile

See also

In Spanish: Estatorreactor para niños