State Council of the People's Republic of China facts for kids
| 中华人民共和国国务院 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guówùyuàn |
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Emblem of the People's Republic of China
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| Agency overview | |
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| Formed | 27 September 1954 |
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| Type | Executive branch of the central government Executive body of the National People's Congress Highest organ of State administration |
| Jurisdiction | Government of the People's Republic of China |
| Headquarters | State Council Office Area, Zhongnanhai, Beijing |
| Annual budget | CN¥37.2 trillion (2019) |
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| State Council of the People's Republic of China | |||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 中华人民共和国国务院 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 中華人民共和國國務院 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Chinese People('s) Republic State Affair(s) Court" | ||||||||
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| State Council (commonly used abbreviation) |
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| Simplified Chinese | 国务院 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 國務院 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | "The Court of State Affairs" | ||||||||
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| Central People's Government (Constitutional synonym) |
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| Chinese | 中央人民政府 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Central People('s) Government | ||||||||
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The State Council, constitutionally synonymous with the Central People's Government (particularly in relation to local governments), is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the premier and includes the heads of each of the constituent departments (ministries). Currently, the council has 35 members: the premier, one executive vice premier, three other vice premiers, five state councilors (of whom three are also ministers and one is also the secretary-general), and 26 in charge of the Council's constituent departments. The State Council directly oversees provincial-level People's Governments, and in practice maintains membership with the top levels of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Aside from a few, members of the State Council are also members of the CCP's Central Committee.
Contents
- Organization
- Members
- Organizational structure
- General Office of the State Council
- Constituent Departments of the State Council (cabinet-level)
- Special Organization directly under the State Council
- Organizations directly under the State Council
- Administrative Offices of the State Council
- Institutions directly under the State Council
- National Administrations administrated by ministry-level agencies
- Interdepartmental coordinating agencies
- Agencies dispatched by the State Council
- See also
Organization
The State Council is described by the Chinese constitution as the executive organ of the National People's Congress (NPC), as well as the "highest state administrative organ". Constitutionally, the main functions of the State Council are to formulate administrative measures, issue decisions and orders, and monitor their implementation; draft legislative bills for submission to the NPC or its Standing Committee; and prepare the economic plan and the state budget for deliberation and approval by the NPC. The State Council is under authority of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with the ultimate decisions being made by the Politburo.
The State Council is officially led by the premier, who is appointed by the NPC upon the nomination by the president, though in practice the premier is chosen within the CCP leadership, including the Politburo Standing Committee. The premier is assisted by vice premiers (one executive and generally three others), state councillors, and a secretary-general (who normally also serves as a state councillor), who collectively make up the Executive Meeting of the State Council.
Each vice premier oversees certain areas of administration in support of the premier. In practice, the vice premiers and State Councillors assume responsibility for one or more sectors or issues, and remain in contact with the various bodies responsible for policy related to that area. This allows the Standing Committee to oversee a wide range of government functions. Each State Councillor performs duties as designated by the Premier. The secretary-general heads the General Office which handles the day-to-day work of the State Council.
The plenary session of the State Council meets every six months. Between meetings it is guided by a Standing Committee of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (Executive Meeting) that meets two to three times a month, and can be called at the discretion of the premier.
The State Council includes 26 constituent ministries, and oversees the provincial-level governments throughout China. Each ministry supervises one sector. Commissions outrank ministries and set policies for and coordinate the related activities of different administrative organs. Offices deal with matters of ongoing concern. Bureaus and administrations rank below ministries. In addition to the ministries, there are 38 centrally administered government organizations that report directly to the state council. The heads of these organizations attend full meetings of the state committee on an irregular basis.
There were attempts to separate the party and state in the late 1980s under Deng Xiaoping and Zhao Ziyang and have the CCP in charge of formulating policy and the State Council executing policy, but these efforts were largely abandoned in the early 1990s. Currently, the State Council work rules state that it "adheres to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era" and "resolutely safeguards the authority of the Party Central Committee"
The State Council controls the Ministry for National Defense but does not control the People's Liberation Army, which is instead controlled by the Central Military Commission (CMC). The State Council previously had joint command over the People's Armed Police (PAP) together with the CMC, principally through the Ministry of Public Security, though 2018 reforms placed the PAP solely under CMC command.
Members
Executive Meeting
| # | Portrait | Name | Government office(s) | Party | Party memberships | |
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| 1 |  |
Li Qiang 李强 |
Premier | CCP | Politburo Standing Committee Secretary, State Council Party Group |
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| 2 | .jpg) |
Ding Xuexiang 丁薛祥 |
Vice Premier
(first-ranked) |
CCP | Politburo Standing Committee Deputy Secretary, State Council Party Group |
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| 3 |  |
He Lifeng 何立峰 |
Vice Premier | CCP | Politburo State Council Party Group |
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| 4 | .jpg) |
Zhang Guoqing 张国清 |
Vice Premier | CCP | Politburo State Council Party Group |
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| 5 | .jpg) |
Liu Guozhong 刘国中 |
Vice Premier | CCP | Politburo State Council Party Group |
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| 6 | .jpg) |
General Li Shangfu 李尚福 |
State Councillor Minister of National Defense |
CCP | Central Military Commission State Council Party Group |
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| 7 |  |
Police Commissioner-General Wang Xiaohong 王小洪 |
State Councillor Minister of Public Security |
CCP | Secretariat Deputy Secretary, Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission State Council Party Group |
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| 8 | Wu Zhenglong 吴政隆 |
State Councillor Secretary-General of the State Council |
CCP | State Council Party Group Secretary, State Council Organs Party Group |
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| 9 | Shen Yiqin 谌贻琴 |
State Councillor | CCP | State Council Party Group | ||
| 10 |  |
Qin Gang 秦刚 |
State Councillor Minister of Foreign Affairs (until 25 July 2023) |
CCP | State Council Party Group | |
Plenary Meeting
The Plenary Meeting of the State Council is hosted by the Premier, joined by Vice Premiers, State Councillors, Ministers in charge of Ministries and Commissions, the Governor of the People's Bank, the Auditor-General, and the Secretary-General. It usually runs bi-annually and when necessary, non-members can be invited to participate.
Organizational structure
General Office of the State Council
- Secretary-General of the State Council
- Deputy Secretaries-General of the State Council
Constituent Departments of the State Council (cabinet-level)
| # | Logo | Name of department | Year established | Incumbent chief | Party | Reports to | |
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| 1 | |
Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部 |
1949 (CPG) 1954 (PRC) |
Wang Yi 王毅 Minister of Foreign Affairs |
CCP | General Secretary Xi Jinping ∟ Director of the Office of the Central Foreign Affairs Commission Wang Yi (himself) |
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| 2 | |
Ministry of National Defense 国防部 |
1954 | General Li Shangfu 李尚福 (Member of the Central Military Commission) State Councillor Minister of National Defense |
CCP | General Secretary Xi Jinping (Chairman of the Central Military Commission) | |
| 3 | |
National Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会 |
2003 | Zheng Shanjie 郑栅洁 Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission |
CCP | Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang | |
| 4 | |
Ministry of Education 教育部 |
1949 (CPG) 1954 (PRC) |
Huai Jinpeng 怀进鹏 Minister of Education |
CCP | ||
| 5 | |
Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部 |
1998 | Wang Zhigang 王志刚 Minister of Science and Technology |
CCP | ||
| 6 | |
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology 工业和信息化部 |
2008 | Jin Zhuanglong 金壮龙 Minister of Industry and Information Technology |
CCP | Vice Premier Zhang Guoqing | |
| 7 | |
National Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会 |
1949 (CPG) 1954 (PRC) |
Chen Xiaojiang 陈小江 Minister in charge of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission |
CCP | Shi Taifeng (Head of the CCP Central Committee United Front Work Department) | |
| 8 |  |
Ministry of Public Security 公安部 |
1949 (CPG) 1954 (PRC) |
Police Commissioner-General Wang Xiaohong 王小洪 State Councillor |
CCP | Chen Wenqing (Secretary of the CCP Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission) | |
| 9 |  |
Ministry of State Security 国家安全部 |
1983 | Chen Yixin 陈一新 Minister of State Security |
CCP | ||
| 10 | |
Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部 |
1978 | Tang Dengjie 唐登杰 Minister of Civil Affairs |
CCP | State Councillor Shen Yiqin | |
| 11 |  |
Ministry of Justice 司法部 |
1949 (CPG) 1954 (PRC) 1979 (re-established) |
He Rong 贺荣 Minister of Justice |
CCP | Chen Wenqing (Secretary of the CCP Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission) | |
| 12 | |
Ministry of Finance 财政部 |
1949 (CPG) 1954 (PRC) |
Liu Kun 刘昆 Minister of Finance |
CCP | Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang | |
| 13 | |
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security 人力资源和社会保障部 |
2008 | Wang Xiaoping 王晓萍 Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security |
CCP | State Councillor Shen Yiqin | |
| 14 | |
Ministry of Natural Resources 自然资源部 |
2018 | Wang Guanghua 王广华 Minister of Natural Resources |
CCP | Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang | |
| 15 | |
Ministry of Ecology and Environment 生态环境部 |
2018 | Huang Runqiu 黄润秋 Minister of Ecology and Environment |
JS | ||
| 16 | |
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development 住房和城乡建设部 |
2008 | Ni Hong 倪虹 Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |
CCP | Vice Premier He Lifeng | |
| 17 |  |
Ministry of Transport 交通运输部 |
2008 | Li Xiaopeng 李小鹏 Minister of Transport |
CCP | ||
| 18 | |
Ministry of Water Resources 水利部 |
1949 (CPG) 1954 (PRC) |
Li Guoying 李国英 Minister of Water Resources |
CCP | Vice Premier Liu Guozhong | |
| 19 | |
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs 农业农村部 |
2018 | Tang Renjian 唐仁健 Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs |
CCP | ||
| 20 |  |
Ministry of Commerce 商务部 |
2003 | Wang Wentao 王文涛 Minister of Commerce |
CCP | Vice Premier He Lifeng | |
| 21 | |
Ministry of Culture and Tourism 文化和旅游部 |
2018 | Hu Heping 胡和平 Minister of Culture and Tourism |
CCP | Li Shulei (Head of the CCP Central Committee Propaganda Department) | |
| 22 | |
National Health Commission 国家卫生健康委员会 |
2018 | Ma Xiaowei 马晓伟 Minister in charge of the National Health Commission |
CCP | Vice Premier Liu Guozhong | |
| 23 | |
Ministry of Veterans Affairs 退役军人事务部 |
2018 | Pei Jinjia 裴金佳 Minister of Veterans Affairs |
CCP | State Councillor Shen Yiqin | |
| 24 | |
Ministry of Emergency Management 应急管理部 |
2018 | Wang Xiangxi 王祥喜 Ministry of Emergency Management |
CCP | Vice Premier Zhang Guoqing | |
| 25 | |
People's Bank of China 中国人民银行 |
1948 | Yi Gang 易纲 Governor of the People's Bank of China |
CCP | Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang | |
| 26 | |
National Audit Office 审计署 |
1983 | Hou Kai 侯凯 Auditor-General of the National Audit Office |
CCP | Premier Li Qiang ∟ Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang |
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Special Organization directly under the State Council
- Ministry-level
- State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC) (国务院国有资产监督管理委员会), established in 2003
Organizations directly under the State Council
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Administrative Offices of the State Council
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Institutions directly under the State Council
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National Administrations administrated by ministry-level agencies
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Interdepartmental coordinating agencies
- National Defense Mobilization Commission (NDMC; 国家国防动员委员会), established in 1994
- National Energy Commission (NEC; 国家能源委员会), established in 2010
and many more...
Agencies dispatched by the State Council
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See also
In Spanish: Consejo de Estado de la República Popular China para niños
- Department of State Affairs in the Three Departments and Six Ministries system
- Ming dynasty: Central Secretariat → Grand Secretariat
- Qing dynasty: Grand Secretariat → Grand Council → Cabinet
- Republic of China: State Council (1912–28) → Executive Yuan (1928–present)
- People's Republic of China: Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government (1949–54); Ministries of the PRC
