Auld Alliance facts for kids
The Auld Alliance (which means "Old Alliance" in Scots and Vieille Alliance in French) was a very important agreement between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. It was like a long-term friendship pact. This alliance played a big part in how Scotland, France, and England got along, starting in 1295. It lasted until 1560, when the Treaty of Edinburgh was signed. Almost all the kings and queens of France and Scotland during this time renewed the alliance, except for Louis XI. By the late 1300s, the alliance was even renewed when France or Scotland were not fighting England.
This special friendship began with a treaty signed in 1295. It was agreed upon by John Balliol, who was the King of Scotland, and Philip IV of France, the King of France. They made this agreement to protect each other from Edward I of England, the King of England. The treaty stated that if England attacked one country, the other country would invade England to help. This happened, for example, at the Battle of Flodden Field in 1513. The Auld Alliance was very important in many big conflicts between Scotland, France, and England. These included the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War, the War of the League of Cambrai, and the Rough Wooing.
Contents
What is the Auld Alliance?
The Auld Alliance was a military and diplomatic agreement. It meant that Scotland and France promised to help each other, especially if England attacked either of them. This alliance was one of the longest-lasting in history.
Why was the Auld Alliance formed?
The main reason for the alliance was to create a strong front against England. Both Scotland and France often had conflicts with England. By working together, they could put pressure on England from two different sides. This made it harder for England to fight both countries at the same time.
How did the alliance work?
When one country was attacked by England, the other would often send troops or invade England. This forced England to divide its army and resources. The alliance also led to cultural exchanges, with people, ideas, and goods moving between Scotland and France.
Key Moments of the Alliance
The Auld Alliance was active during many important historical events.
Wars of Scottish Independence
During the Wars of Scottish Independence (late 1200s to mid-1300s), France supported Scotland against England. This help was very important for Scotland to keep its independence.
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War (mid-1300s to mid-1400s) was a long conflict between England and France. Scotland often helped France during this time. Scottish soldiers fought alongside French armies in many battles.
Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots
A very important moment was the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Francis II of France in 1558. This marriage briefly made Scotland and France even closer. It meant that a French king would also be the King of Scotland.
Legacy of the Auld Alliance
The Auld Alliance left a lasting mark on both Scotland and France.
Charles de Gaulle's Speech
In June 1942, during World War II, French leader Charles de Gaulle gave a speech in Edinburgh, Scotland. He called the alliance between Scotland and France "the oldest alliance in the world." He said: "In every combat where for five centuries the destiny of France was at stake, there were always men of Scotland to fight side by side with men of France, and what Frenchmen feel is that no people have ever been more generous than yours with its friendship." This shows how important the alliance was seen, even centuries later.
700th Anniversary Celebrations
In 1995, both Scotland and France held celebrations. These events marked the 700th anniversary of the alliance's beginning. This showed that the historical bond between the two countries is still remembered and valued.
Images for kids
-
The marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots with Francis II of France briefly revived the Auld Alliance
See also
In Spanish: Auld Alliance para niños
