Wars of Scottish Independence facts for kids

The Wars of Scottish Independence were big fights between Scotland and England. They happened a long time ago, in the late 1200s and early 1300s. These wars were about Scotland wanting to stay a free and independent country.

There were two main wars. The First War (1296–1328) started when England invaded Scotland in 1296. It ended with a peace treaty in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began when some English-backed nobles invaded Scotland in 1332. This war ended around 1357 with another peace treaty.

These wars were a huge challenge for Scotland. They became one of the most important times in Scotland's history. Even after all the fighting, Scotland remained a free and independent nation. This was their main goal. The wars also showed how important new weapons like the longbow became in medieval fighting.

Key People in the Wars

This section introduces the main leaders and heroes from both sides.

Scottish Leaders

• King David II: A Scottish king who fought in the Second War.
• King John Balliol: An early Scottish king during the start of the wars.
• King Robert I the Bruce: A famous Scottish king and hero who led Scotland to victory in the First War.
• William Wallace: A brave Scottish knight and leader who fought for Scotland's freedom.

English Leaders

• King Edward I: The English king who first tried to conquer Scotland.
• King Edward II: King Edward I's son, who continued the fight against Scotland.
• King Edward III: King Edward II's son, who led England in the Second War.

Major Battles and Events

Many battles were fought during these wars. One of the most famous was the Battle of Bannockburn.

Battle of Bannockburn

The Battle of Bannockburn happened on June 23–24, 1314. It was a very important victory for Scotland. This battle was the turning point in the First War of Scottish Independence. In this fight, the Scottish king Robert the Bruce defeated the English king Edward II.

Related Information

• First War of Scottish Independence
• Second War of Scottish Independence

Images for kids

• 

  Robert the Bruce talking to his troops before the Battle of Bannockburn.

• 

  Edward I and Edward, Prince of Wales.

• 

  King John Balliol, who was called 'toom tabard' ('empty coat') by some.

• 

  Important people from the First War of Independence, drawn by artist William Hole.

• 

  A plaque at the Bannockburn Monument.

• 

  King Edward III leading an invasion into Scotland.

• 

  King David II (bottom left) being captured at the Battle of Neville's Cross.

See also

In Spanish: Guerras de independencia de Escocia para niños