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eBay facts for kids
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Formerly
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AuctionWeb (1995–1997) |
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| Public | |
| Traded as |
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| Industry | E-commerce |
| Founded | September 3, 1995 |
| Founder | Pierre Omidyar |
| Headquarters | San Jose, California, U.S. |
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Area served
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Worldwide |
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Key people
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| Services | Online shopping |
| Revenue |  US$10.11 billion (2023) |
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Operating income
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 US$1.941 billion (2023) |
| US$2.767 billion (2023) |
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| Total assets | US$21.62 billion (2023) |
| Total equity | US$6.396 billion (2023) |
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Number of employees
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c. 12,300 (2023) |
| Subsidiaries | Qoo10 |
eBay office in Toronto, Canada
eBay Inc. (/ˈiːbeɪ/ EE-bay, often stylized as ebay) is an American multinational e-commerce company based in San Jose, California, that brokers customer to customer and retail sales through online marketplaces in 190 markets worldwide. Sales occur either via online auctions or "buy it now" instant sales, and the company charges commissions to sellers upon sales. eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar in September 1995. It has 134 million yearly active buyers worldwide and handled $74 billion in transactions in 2022, 49% of which was in the United States. In 2022, the company had a take rate (revenue as a percentage of volume) of 13.25%.
eBay is used by individuals, companies, as well as governments to purchase and sell almost any legal, non-controversial item. eBay's auctions use a Vickrey auction (sealed-bid) proxy bid system. Buyers and sellers may rate and review each other after each transaction, resulting in a reputation system. The eBay service is accessible via websites and mobile apps. Software developers can create applications that integrate with eBay through the eBay API. Merchants can also earn commissions from affiliate marketing programs by eBay.
Contents
History
Pierre Omidyar, founder and chairman of eBay
1990s
eBay was founded as AuctionWeb in California on September 3, 1995, by French-born Iranian-American computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as a hobby to make some extra money. One of the first items sold on AuctionWeb was a broken laser pointer for $14.83. Astonished, Omidyar contacted the winning bidder to ask if he understood that the laser pointer was broken; the buyer explained: "I'm a collector of broken laser pointers."
In February 1996, Omidyar's internet service provider informed him that he would need to upgrade to a business account due to the high web traffic of his website. The monthly price increase from $30 to $250 prompted Omidyar to start charging eBay users. The website made $1,000 in its first month, which was more than it cost to run, and $2,500 in its second month. Chris Agarpao was eBay's first employee; he processed mailed check payments.
Jeffrey Skoll was hired as the first president of the company in early 1996. In November 1996, the company launched online auctions for airline seats, hotel rooms, cruise berths and other travel-related products in partnership with Electronic Travel Auctions. By that time, the company had hosted more than 200,000 auctions since its founding 14 months earlier.
The company changed the name of its service from AuctionWeb to eBay in September 1997, after Echo Bay Technology Group, Omidyar's consulting firm. The echobay.com domain name was already registered by Echo Bay Mines, a gold mining company, so Omidyar shortened it to eBay.com. In 1997, the company received $6.7 million in venture capital funding from Benchmark.
The frequently repeated story that eBay was founded to help Omidyar's fiancée trade Pez candy dispensers was fabricated in 1997 by public relations manager Mary Lou Song to give the media a human-interest story and to generate publicity with toy collectors.
The most purchased and sold items on the website were Beanie Babies, the most difficult toys to find in retail stores, accounting for 10% of all listings in 1997. Ty, the manufacturer, had set up a website whereby people could trade used Beanie Babies. However, it was overwhelmed with unsortable listings. With a user-friendly interface, eBay became popular with collectors.
Meg Whitman was appointed president and CEO in March 1998. At the time, the company had 30 employees, 500,000 users, and revenues of $4.7 million in the United States.
In July 1998, eBay acquired Jump, the developer and operator of Up4Sale, an advertising-supported auction website which at the time had 27,000 separate auctions and 50,000 registered members.
In September 1998, during the dot-com bubble, eBay became a public company via an initial public offering led by CFO Gary F. Bengier. Upon the initial public offering, which was priced at $18 per share and closed for trading on its first day at $53 per share, both Omidyar and Skoll became billionaires.
In the risk factors section of the annual report filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in 1998, Omidyar noted eBay's dependence on the continued strength of the Beanie Babies market.
2000s
In June 2000, eBay acquired Half.com for $312 million in stock.
In 2000, eBay partnered with Escrow.com to handle escrow for purchases and sales of motor vehicles, later expanded to other transaction types. By year-end, it had 22.5 million registered users and 79.4 million auctions per quarter.
In January 2001, eBay acquired a majority stake in Internet Auction Co. Ltd, operator of the largest internet auction website in South Korea.
In February 2002, eBay acquired iBazar, a French online auction site founded in 1998, for approximately $112 million in stock.
eBay entered the Chinese market in 2002 and shut down its Chinese site in 2007 due to competition from local rival Taobao.
In February 2002, eBay exited Japan due to competition from Yahoo! Japan and began operations in Taiwan with the acquisition of NeoCom Technology for $9.5 million. In June 2006, eBay turned over its operations in Taiwan to a joint venture partner.
eBay acquired PayPal on October 3, 2002 for $1.4 billion.
On May 28, 2003, in the case of eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C., which had implications for the treatment of business method patents, a United States district court jury found eBay guilty of willful patent infringement and ordered the company to pay $35 million in damages after MercExchange accused eBay of infringing on three patents, one of which is used in eBay's "Buy It Now" feature. The decision was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC). The CAFC affirmed the judgment of willful infringement, and reversed the lower court and granted a permanent injunction. eBay appealed the permanent injunction to the Supreme Court of the United States, which on May 15, 2006 found an injunction is not required nor automatic in this or any patent case where guilt has been established. The case was sent back to the Virginia district court for consideration of the injunction and a trial on another MercExchange patent.
In August 2004, eBay acquired 25% of the classified advertising website Craigslist for $32 million. Former disgruntled Craigslist executive Phillip Knowlton was the seller.
In December 2004, eBay acquired Rent.com for $415 million.
In March 2005, eBay launched Kijiji, a classified advertising website, in international markets. It launched in the United States in July 2007.
In May 2005, eBay acquired Gumtree, a classified advertising website in the United Kingdom.
In October 2005, eBay Inc. acquired Skype Technologies for $2.6 billion.
ProStores was an e-commerce website hosting company owned by eBay. Formerly known as Kurant StoreSense, ProStores was acquired by eBay Inc. by the end of 2005 changing the name to ProStores by eBay. ProStores' feature set included simple wizard-driven website, e-commerce capabilities, site design tools and e-business management. Smaller merchants could also manage the entire process of posting and selling products on eBay using the ProStores interface. It also offered inventory management, supplier communication and integration with Quickbooks and Dreamweaver. eBay announced on July 1, 2014 that support for the platform would end February 1, 2015.
In February 2006, Intuit launched a web-based version of ItsDeductible, a donation tracking service, using data from eBay to help users assign a market value to the items they donate.
In April 2006, eBay launched eBay Express, a site that was designed to work like a standard Internet shopping site, with fixed prices and no bidding involved. The website had 10 million items listed upon its launch. The site was shut down in October 2008.
In January 2007, eBay acquired StubHub, an online marketplace for ticket resale, for $310 million.
In April 2008, eBay sued Craigslist, claiming that in January 2008, Craigslist took actions that "unfairly diluted eBay's economic interest by more than 10%", making eBay lose its seat on the board of directors of Craigslist. Craigslist countersued in May 2008 alleging that eBay used its board seat to gain insider information about Craigslist that was used to compete against the company. In September 2010, Delaware Judge William B. Chandler III ruled that the actions of Craigslist were unlawful and that the actions were taken by Craigslist founders Jim Buckmaster and Craig Newmark had "breached their fiduciary duty of loyalty", and restored eBay's stake in the company to 28.4% from a diluted level of 24.85%. However, the judge dismissed eBay's objection to a staggered board provision, citing that Craigslist has the right to protect its own trade secrets.
In January 2008, Meg Whitman resigned as president and CEO of eBay to enter politics, and was replaced with John Donahoe. Whitman remained on the board of directors and continued to advise Donahoe through 2008.
In May 2008, eBay announced the opening of a building on the company's North Campus in San Jose, California, the first ground-up structure in the city to be built to LEED Gold standards. The building, the first the company had built in its 13-year existence, uses an array of 3,248 solar panels, spanning 60,000 square feet (5,600 m2), and providing 650 kilowatts of power, 15–18% of the company's total energy requirements, reducing carbon dioxide usage by 37 million pounds over 30 years. The building also has energy-efficient lighting and water system and most waste is recycled.
In April 2009, eBay agreed to acquire a controlling stake in G-Market, a South Korean online retailer, for $413 million.
In May 2009, eBay launched the Selling Manager Applications program (SM Apps). The program allows approved developers to integrate their applications directly into the eBay.com interface.
In November 2009, eBay sold a 70% stake in Skype to a consortium led by Silver Lake Partners and Marc Andreessen at a $2.75 billion valuation, while retaining a 30% minority ownership interest in Skype, after failing to integrate Skype into the company's online marketplace. Microsoft acquired the entire company for $8.5 billion in May 2011.
2010s
In June 2011, eBay acquired GSI Commerce for $2.4 billion. In June 2013, it was renamed eBay Enterprise.
In May 2012, RentPath, then known as Primedia, acquired Rent.com from eBay for approximately $415 million.
In September 2012, eBay introduced a new logo using a thinner variation of the Univers typeface. It replaced the thicker Univers logo that had been used since eBay's inception in 1995.
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1995–2012
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2012–present
In October 2012, eBay launched an international shipping partnership with Pitney Bowes whereby a seller of an item to be shipped internationally can send the item to a Pitney Bowes facility in their home country, which then forwards it to the international buyer, taking care of all international shipping requirements. The company also launched a partnership with FedEx to offer discounted shipping options to sellers.
In November 2012, eBay was charged in the High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation, accused by the United States Department of Justice of entering into non-solicitation agreements with other technology companies involving highly skilled employees. The litigation was settled in May 2014, with eBay required to end anti-competitive practices.
On September 30, 2014, eBay announced it would spin off PayPal into a separate publicly traded company, a demand made nine months prior by activist hedge fund magnate Carl Icahn. The spinoff was completed on July 18, 2015. eBay's then chief executive, John Donahoe, stepped down from that role.
In January 2015, eBay acquired Vivanuncios, a classified advertising website in Mexico.
In June 2015, eBay sold its stake in Craigslist back to the company, ending the litigation.
In August 2015, eBay sold a portion of its stake in Snapdeal.
In September 2015, Propay and Skrill were eliminated as payment methods on the eBay website, citing low usage.
Flipkart and eBay entered into a strategic partnership in July 2017 under which eBay acquired a 5.44% stake in Flipkart in exchange for the contribution of its India business unit valued at $211 million and a $514 million cash investment in Flipkart. Flipkart launched a program to allow its sellers to sell to customers globally in partnership with eBay. eBay reported a gain of $167 million on the sale of its India operations. In May 2018, eBay sold its stake in Flipkart to Walmart and relaunched its operations in India.
In August 2017, eBay shut Half.com.
In October 2017, eBay released image retrieval capability allowing users to find listings on the site that match an item depicted in a photo, using artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies.
On January 31, 2018, eBay announced that it would replace PayPal as its primary payments provider with Netherlands-based start-up Adyen, resulting in lower costs and more control of merchants.
In May 2018, eBay acquired the Japanese e-commerce platform Qoo10 for $573 million.
In July 2018, eBay announced support for Apple Pay as well as a partnership with Square for seller financing loans of up to $100,000.
In September 2018, in response to the YouTube headquarters shooting, eBay announced plans to install a security fence around the perimeter of its San Jose headquarters to protect employees.
In March 2019, the company paid its first dividend following investor pressure to improve shareholder return.
On July 31, 2019, the company acquired a 5.59% stake in Paytm Mall.
In September 2019, facing pressure from activist shareholder Elliott Investment Management, Devin Wenig resigned as CEO. Scott Schenkel, senior vice president and chief financial officer since 2015, was appointed as the interim CEO.
In November 2019, eBay agreed to sell StubHub to Viagogo for $4.05 billion in cash; the sale was completed in February 2020.
2020s
In April 2020, Jamie Iannone became the CEO of the company.
In June 2020, Fred D. Anderson and Thomas J. Tierney resigned from the board of directors of the company; both had been directors since 2003.
In July 2020, eBay sold its classifieds business to Adevinta for $2.5 billion in cash and 540 million shares of Adevinta. To gain regulatory approval, Gumtree was further divested. eBay sold its shares in Adevinta in 2023, when that company was acquired by private equity firms.
In September 2020, Pierre Omidyar resigned from the board of directors, after resigning as chairman in 2015.
In November 2021, eBay sold its South Korean business to Emart for $3 billion.
In May 2022, eBay acquired a stake in Funko and became the preferred secondary marketplace for Funko.
In June 2022, the company acquired KnownOrigin, a marketplace for non-fungible tokens.
In August 2022, the company acquired the myFitment group of companies, specializing in online sales of automotive and powersports parts and accessories.
In October 2022, the company acquired TCGPlayer, a marketplace for collectible card games, for up to $295 million.
In July 2023, the company acquired Certiligo, a provider of artificial intelligence-powered digital IDs and authentication for apparel and fashion goods.
In January 2024, the company announced plans to lay off 9% of its workforce after hiring outpaced growth projections.
Financial history
| Year | Revenue in mil. USD$ |
Net income in mil. USD$ |
Total Assets in mil. USD$ |
Price per Share in USD$ |
Employees |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 4,552 | 1,082 | 11,789 | 15.65 | 11,600 |
| 2006 | 5,970 | 1,126 | 13,494 | 13.00 | 13,200 |
| 2007 | 7,672 | 348 | 15,366 | 13.25 | 15,500 |
| 2008 | 8,541 | 1,779 | 15,592 | 9.58 | 16,200 |
| 2009 | 8,727 | 2,389 | 18,408 | 7.29 | 16,400 |
| 2010 | 9,156 | 1,801 | 22,004 | 9.68 | 17,700 |
| 2011 | 11,652 | 3,229 | 27,320 | 12.28 | 27,770 |
| 2012 | 14,072 | 2,609 | 37,074 | 16.61 | 31,500 |
| 2013 | 16,047 | 2,856 | 41,488 | 21.03 | 33,500 |
| 2014 | 8,790 | 46 | 45,132 | 21.01 | 34,600 |
| 2015 | 8,592 | 1,725 | 17,755 | 25.00 | 11,600 |
| 2016 | 8,979 | 7,266 | 23,847 | 27.08 | 12,600 |
| 2017 | 9,567 | (1,016) | 25,981 | 35.06 | 14,100 |
| 2018 | 10,746 | 2,530 | 22,819 | 34.31 | 14,000 |
| 2019 | 10,800 | 1,792 | 18,174 | 35.50 | 13,300 |
| 2020 | 8,894 | 5,667 | 19,310 | 12,700 | |
| 2021 | 10,420 | 13,608 | 26,626 | 10,800 | |
| 2022 | 9,790 | (1,270) | 20,850 | 11,600 |
Philanthropy and charity auctions
Using MissionFish as an arbiter, eBay allows sellers to donate a portion of their auction proceeds to a charity of the seller's choice and charges discounted fees for charity auctions.
High-profile charity auctions facilitated via eBay include the "Power Lunch" with investor Warren Buffett for 8 people at the Smith & Wollensky restaurant in New York City, with all of the proceeds going to the Glide Foundation. Auctions were held annually in 21 years between 2000 and 2022, with no auctions in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, auctions on eBay for lunch with Buffett raised $53.2 million for the Glide Foundation, with winning bids ranging from $2 million to as high as $19 million for the final auction in 2022. Charity auctions via eBay are planned for lunch with Marc Benioff, CEO of Salesforce.
Also benefitting charity, a letter sent to Mark P. Mays, CEO of Clear Channel Communications by Senator Harry Reid and forty other Democratic senators, complaining about comments made by conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh, sold for $2,100,100, with all of the proceeds going to the Marine Corps-Law Enforcement Foundation, benefiting the education of children of men and women who have died serving in the armed forces. The winning bid was matched by Limbaugh.
In 2022, more than $163 million was raised for charities via the platform.
See also
In Spanish: EBay para niños
- eBay v. Bidder's Edge
- List of acquisitions by eBay
- Shopping neutral
- Unusual eBay listings