Edith Cumbo facts for kids

Edith Cumbo (born around 1735) was a brave and smart Black woman who lived in Williamsburg, Virginia. She was an entrepreneur, meaning she ran her own businesses. Her story helps us understand the challenges free African Americans faced during the time of the American Revolution.

Edith's Early Life

Born Free

Edith Cumbo was born around 1735 in Charles City County, Virginia. She was born free because her parents were also free. This was very important at a time when many Black people were enslaved.

Her Family

Edith's mother, Francine Cumbo, was an Irish indentured servant. This meant she worked for someone for a set time to pay off a debt. Edith's father, Richard Cumbo, was a free Black man. He fought in the French and Indian War. Because of his service, he received 50 acres of land in Williamsburg.

A New Home

By the mid-1750s, Edith was living in Halifax County, Virginia. In the 1760s, she had a son named Daniel. She faced a legal challenge about her son, but the court found her not guilty. Local stories say her father was a very important person in Williamsburg.

Edith's Life in Williamsburg

Living During the Revolution

By the late 1770s, during the American Revolution, Edith Cumbo lived in Williamsburg. She was one of only a few free Black people in the city. After her father passed away, Edith inherited his 50-acre farm in Williamsburg.

Running Her Own Businesses

Records show that Edith was the head of her own household. She supported herself by running a laundry business. She also farmed the land she inherited from her father. On her farm, she grew crops like corn, barley, wheat, and tobacco. Edith never married. This was likely because laws at the time meant a woman's property would go to her husband if she married.

Standing Up for Herself

In 1778, Edith Cumbo took a white man named Adam White to court. She sued him for trespass, battery, and assault. This was very unusual for the time. But the York County court sided with Edith. They awarded her one shilling in damages. This showed her courage and determination.

Her Son's Service

During the Revolutionary War, Edith's son Daniel joined the troops. He served alongside General George Washington at Valley Forge.

Edith's Lasting Impact

A "Nation Builder"

Today, Colonial Williamsburg shares the stories of 18th-century African Americans. They have actors who portray Edith Cumbo. Colonial Williamsburg has even called her a "Nation Builder." She is also part of their "Her Enduring Spirit" tour series.

Taught in Schools

Edith Cumbo's life story is taught in schools across America. It is part of history lessons for elementary, middle, and high school students. This includes courses like AP U.S. History. Her story helps students learn about the history of America and Virginia.